The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites

<p>Background</p><p>Prior calculations of the burden of disease from environmental lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not included estimates of the burden from lead-contaminated sites because of a lack of exposure data, resulting in an underestimation of...

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Autores principales:	Bret Ericson, Phillip Landrigan, Mark Patrick Taylor, Joseph Frostad, Jack Caravanos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2017
Materias:	informal economy lead poisoning low- and middle-income countries soil pollution disability adjusted life years recycling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41f863c0595f456cab6c3a82b5ab1c86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41f863c0595f456cab6c3a82b5ab1c862021-12-02T05:57:51ZThe Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2016.10.015https://doaj.org/article/41f863c0595f456cab6c3a82b5ab1c862017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/231https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996<p>Background</p><p>Prior calculations of the burden of disease from environmental lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not included estimates of the burden from lead-contaminated sites because of a lack of exposure data, resulting in an underestimation of a serious public health problem.</p><p>Objective</p><p>We used publicly available statistics and detailed site assessment data to model the number of informal used lead-acid battery (ULAB) recyclers and the resulting exposures in 90 LMICs. We estimated blood lead levels (BLLs) using the US Environment Protection Agency’s Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children and Adult Lead Model. Finally, we used data and algorithms generated by the World Health Organization to calculate the number of attributable disability adjusted life years (DALYs).</p><p>Results</p><p>We estimated that there are 10,599 to 29,241 informal ULAB processing sites where human health is at risk in the 90 countries we reviewed. We further estimated that 6 to 16.8 million people are exposed at these sites and calculate a geometric mean BLL for exposed children (0-4 years of age) of 31.15 μg/dL and a geometric mean BLL for adults of 21.2 μg/dL. We calculated that these exposures resulted in 127,248 to 1,612,476 DALYs in 2013.</p><p>Conclusions</p>Informal ULAB processing is currently causing widespread lead poisoning in LMICs. There is an urgent need to identify and mitigate exposures at existing sites and to develop appropriate policy responses to minimize the creation of new sites.Bret EricsonPhillip LandriganMark Patrick TaylorJoseph FrostadJack CaravanosUbiquity Pressarticleinformal economylead poisoninglow- and middle-income countriessoil pollutiondisability adjusted life yearsrecyclingInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 82, Iss 5, Pp 686-689 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	informal economy lead poisoning low- and middle-income countries soil pollution disability adjusted life years recycling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	informal economy lead poisoning low- and middle-income countries soil pollution disability adjusted life years recycling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Bret Ericson Phillip Landrigan Mark Patrick Taylor Joseph Frostad Jack Caravanos The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
description	<p>Background</p><p>Prior calculations of the burden of disease from environmental lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not included estimates of the burden from lead-contaminated sites because of a lack of exposure data, resulting in an underestimation of a serious public health problem.</p><p>Objective</p><p>We used publicly available statistics and detailed site assessment data to model the number of informal used lead-acid battery (ULAB) recyclers and the resulting exposures in 90 LMICs. We estimated blood lead levels (BLLs) using the US Environment Protection Agency’s Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children and Adult Lead Model. Finally, we used data and algorithms generated by the World Health Organization to calculate the number of attributable disability adjusted life years (DALYs).</p><p>Results</p><p>We estimated that there are 10,599 to 29,241 informal ULAB processing sites where human health is at risk in the 90 countries we reviewed. We further estimated that 6 to 16.8 million people are exposed at these sites and calculate a geometric mean BLL for exposed children (0-4 years of age) of 31.15 μg/dL and a geometric mean BLL for adults of 21.2 μg/dL. We calculated that these exposures resulted in 127,248 to 1,612,476 DALYs in 2013.</p><p>Conclusions</p>Informal ULAB processing is currently causing widespread lead poisoning in LMICs. There is an urgent need to identify and mitigate exposures at existing sites and to develop appropriate policy responses to minimize the creation of new sites.
format	article
author	Bret Ericson Phillip Landrigan Mark Patrick Taylor Joseph Frostad Jack Caravanos
author_facet	Bret Ericson Phillip Landrigan Mark Patrick Taylor Joseph Frostad Jack Caravanos
author_sort	Bret Ericson
title	The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
title_short	The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
title_full	The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
title_fullStr	The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
title_full_unstemmed	The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites
title_sort	global burden of lead toxicity attributable to informal used lead-acid battery sites
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/41f863c0595f456cab6c3a82b5ab1c86
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The Global Burden of Lead Toxicity Attributable to Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Sites

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