Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)

The archaeological excavations at Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy) are bringing to light a vast Roman-Imperial residential quarter featuring luxurious dwellings decorated with wall paintings and mosaic floors, pointing it out as one of the most significant archaeological sites of the city. The...

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Autores principales:	Olivia Gomez-Laserna, Anna Irto, Pablo Irizar, Gabriele Lando, Clemente Bretti, Irantzu Martinez-Arkarazo, Lorenzo Campagna, Paola Cardiano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Raman spectroscopy EDXRF chemometric analysis Roman Taormina Roman mosaics Crystallography QD901-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42106276c17b4cae842b548cf63c54a6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42106276c17b4cae842b548cf63c54a62021-11-25T17:19:39ZNon-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)10.3390/cryst111114232073-4352https://doaj.org/article/42106276c17b4cae842b548cf63c54a62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/11/1423https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4352The archaeological excavations at Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy) are bringing to light a vast Roman-Imperial residential quarter featuring luxurious dwellings decorated with wall paintings and mosaic floors, pointing it out as one of the most significant archaeological sites of the city. The polychrome and black and white mosaics recovered date back to the middle Imperial period, during the 2nd century AD. This work deals with the first archaeometric investigations of the materials employed for the <i>tesserae</i> production with the aim of elucidating the mineralogical composition and obtaining analytical evidence that can contribute to extracting information related to their production technology. For that purpose, a non-invasive methodology, based on micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, was used to characterize a wide selection of stone, ceramic and glass <i>tesserae</i>. Chemometric tools were exploited to manage the large set of elemental data collected on black and white lithic samples, providing essential clues for the subsequent investigations. The results evidenced the employment of natural lithotypes (calcareous sedimentary, dolomitic and volcanic) local and imported, and also artificial materials, such as ceramic made firing magnesium-rich clays, soda-lime-silica glasses made with different opacifying and coloring agents (such as calcium antimoniate, cobalt and copper).Olivia Gomez-LasernaAnna IrtoPablo IrizarGabriele LandoClemente BrettiIrantzu Martinez-ArkarazoLorenzo CampagnaPaola CardianoMDPI AGarticleRaman spectroscopyEDXRFchemometric analysisRoman TaorminaRoman mosaicsCrystallographyQD901-999ENCrystals, Vol 11, Iss 1423, p 1423 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Raman spectroscopy EDXRF chemometric analysis Roman Taormina Roman mosaics Crystallography QD901-999
spellingShingle	Raman spectroscopy EDXRF chemometric analysis Roman Taormina Roman mosaics Crystallography QD901-999 Olivia Gomez-Laserna Anna Irto Pablo Irizar Gabriele Lando Clemente Bretti Irantzu Martinez-Arkarazo Lorenzo Campagna Paola Cardiano Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
description	The archaeological excavations at Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy) are bringing to light a vast Roman-Imperial residential quarter featuring luxurious dwellings decorated with wall paintings and mosaic floors, pointing it out as one of the most significant archaeological sites of the city. The polychrome and black and white mosaics recovered date back to the middle Imperial period, during the 2nd century AD. This work deals with the first archaeometric investigations of the materials employed for the <i>tesserae</i> production with the aim of elucidating the mineralogical composition and obtaining analytical evidence that can contribute to extracting information related to their production technology. For that purpose, a non-invasive methodology, based on micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, was used to characterize a wide selection of stone, ceramic and glass <i>tesserae</i>. Chemometric tools were exploited to manage the large set of elemental data collected on black and white lithic samples, providing essential clues for the subsequent investigations. The results evidenced the employment of natural lithotypes (calcareous sedimentary, dolomitic and volcanic) local and imported, and also artificial materials, such as ceramic made firing magnesium-rich clays, soda-lime-silica glasses made with different opacifying and coloring agents (such as calcium antimoniate, cobalt and copper).
format	article
author	Olivia Gomez-Laserna Anna Irto Pablo Irizar Gabriele Lando Clemente Bretti Irantzu Martinez-Arkarazo Lorenzo Campagna Paola Cardiano
author_facet	Olivia Gomez-Laserna Anna Irto Pablo Irizar Gabriele Lando Clemente Bretti Irantzu Martinez-Arkarazo Lorenzo Campagna Paola Cardiano
author_sort	Olivia Gomez-Laserna
title	Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
title_short	Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
title_full	Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
title_fullStr	Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
title_full_unstemmed	Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)
title_sort	non-invasive approach to investigate the mineralogy and production technology of the mosaic <i>tesserae</i> from the roman <i>domus</i> of villa san pancrazio (taormina, italy)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42106276c17b4cae842b548cf63c54a6
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Non-Invasive Approach to Investigate the Mineralogy and Production Technology of the Mosaic <i>Tesserae</i> from the Roman <i>Domus</i> of Villa San Pancrazio (Taormina, Italy)

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