Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use

Research about the association of knowledge and attitudes with practices (KAP) of non-medical tranquilizer use is scarce. We compared findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in a KAP-based study on non-medical tranquilizer use in Spain using data collected from the same population....

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Autores principales:	Narmeen Mallah, Julia Battaglia, Adolfo Figueiras, Bahi Takkouche
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cross-sectional study cohort study knowledge-attitude-practice non-medical tranquilizer use Spain Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42482f9d2b9f46558db89ba14597d59e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42482f9d2b9f46558db89ba14597d59e2021-11-11T17:29:52ZComparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use10.3390/jcm102148272077-0383https://doaj.org/article/42482f9d2b9f46558db89ba14597d59e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4827https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Research about the association of knowledge and attitudes with practices (KAP) of non-medical tranquilizer use is scarce. We compared findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in a KAP-based study on non-medical tranquilizer use in Spain using data collected from the same population. Eight-hundred forty-seven participants completed a validated KAP questionnaire at baseline and were then followed-up bimonthly for one year for episodes of non-medical tranquilizer use. Non-medical use was defined as unprescribed use, non-adherence to treatment, storage/sharing of tranquilizers, or a combination of those practices. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression from cross-sectional data and generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures in the longitudinal approach. Only the longitudinal approach showed that limited knowledge about the effect of tranquilizers on behaviour [OR: 3.24 (95% CI: 1.12–9.38)] and about the negative effect of their excessive consumption [OR: 4.12 (95% CI: 1.5–11.33)] is associated with storing/sharing tranquilizers. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that personal attitudes towards tranquilizers and attitudes towards healthcare providers are associated with non-medical tranquilizer use, yet with different magnitude of associations. Differences between the two approaches were also observed for individual types of non-medical use. Certain discrepancies exist between findings from longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches on KAP of non-medical tranquilizer use. KAP studies are the backbone for designing and evaluating prevention programs on non-medical tranquilizer use, and hence choosing a proper study design, scrutinizing the associated biases, and carefully interpreting findings from those studies are required.Narmeen MallahJulia BattagliaAdolfo FigueirasBahi TakkoucheMDPI AGarticlecross-sectional studycohort studyknowledge-attitude-practicenon-medical tranquilizer useSpainMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4827, p 4827 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cross-sectional study cohort study knowledge-attitude-practice non-medical tranquilizer use Spain Medicine R
spellingShingle	cross-sectional study cohort study knowledge-attitude-practice non-medical tranquilizer use Spain Medicine R Narmeen Mallah Julia Battaglia Adolfo Figueiras Bahi Takkouche Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
description	Research about the association of knowledge and attitudes with practices (KAP) of non-medical tranquilizer use is scarce. We compared findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in a KAP-based study on non-medical tranquilizer use in Spain using data collected from the same population. Eight-hundred forty-seven participants completed a validated KAP questionnaire at baseline and were then followed-up bimonthly for one year for episodes of non-medical tranquilizer use. Non-medical use was defined as unprescribed use, non-adherence to treatment, storage/sharing of tranquilizers, or a combination of those practices. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression from cross-sectional data and generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures in the longitudinal approach. Only the longitudinal approach showed that limited knowledge about the effect of tranquilizers on behaviour [OR: 3.24 (95% CI: 1.12–9.38)] and about the negative effect of their excessive consumption [OR: 4.12 (95% CI: 1.5–11.33)] is associated with storing/sharing tranquilizers. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that personal attitudes towards tranquilizers and attitudes towards healthcare providers are associated with non-medical tranquilizer use, yet with different magnitude of associations. Differences between the two approaches were also observed for individual types of non-medical use. Certain discrepancies exist between findings from longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches on KAP of non-medical tranquilizer use. KAP studies are the backbone for designing and evaluating prevention programs on non-medical tranquilizer use, and hence choosing a proper study design, scrutinizing the associated biases, and carefully interpreting findings from those studies are required.
format	article
author	Narmeen Mallah Julia Battaglia Adolfo Figueiras Bahi Takkouche
author_facet	Narmeen Mallah Julia Battaglia Adolfo Figueiras Bahi Takkouche
author_sort	Narmeen Mallah
title	Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
title_short	Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
title_full	Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
title_fullStr	Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use
title_sort	comparison of longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches in studies on knowledge, attitude and practices related to non-medical tranquilizer use
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42482f9d2b9f46558db89ba14597d59e
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Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use

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