Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology

Abstract The furcula is a distinctive element of the pectoral skeleton in birds, which strengthens the shoulder region to withstand the rigor of flight. Although its origin among theropod dinosaurs is now well-supported, the homology of the furcula relative to the elements of the tetrapod pectoral g...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Cau, Vincent Beyrand, Rinchen Barsbold, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, Pascal Godefroit
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42647ad3b89d4f98a3e8807338b6c322
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42647ad3b89d4f98a3e8807338b6c3222021-12-02T16:17:34ZUnusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology10.1038/s41598-021-94285-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/42647ad3b89d4f98a3e8807338b6c3222021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94285-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The furcula is a distinctive element of the pectoral skeleton in birds, which strengthens the shoulder region to withstand the rigor of flight. Although its origin among theropod dinosaurs is now well-supported, the homology of the furcula relative to the elements of the tetrapod pectoral girdle (i.e., interclavicle vs clavicles) remains controversial. Here, we report the identification of the furcula in the birdlike theropod Halszkaraptor escuilliei. The bone is unique among furculae in non-avian dinosaurs in bearing a visceral articular facet in the hypocleideal end firmly joined to and overlapped by the sternal plates, a topographical pattern that supports the primary homology of the furcula with the interclavicle. The transformation of the interclavicle into the furcula in early theropods is correlated to the loss of the clavicles, and reinforced the interconnection between the contralateral scapulocoracoids, while relaxing the bridge between the scapulocoracoids with the sternum. The function of the forelimbs in theropod ancestors shifted from being a component of the locomotory quadrupedal module to an independent module specialized to grasping. The later evolution of novel locomotory modules among maniraptoran theropods, involving the forelimbs, drove the re-acquisition of a tighter connection between the scapulocoracoids and the interclavicle with the sternal complex.Andrea CauVincent BeyrandRinchen BarsboldKhishigjav TsogtbaatarPascal GodefroitNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andrea Cau Vincent Beyrand Rinchen Barsbold Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar Pascal Godefroit Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
description	Abstract The furcula is a distinctive element of the pectoral skeleton in birds, which strengthens the shoulder region to withstand the rigor of flight. Although its origin among theropod dinosaurs is now well-supported, the homology of the furcula relative to the elements of the tetrapod pectoral girdle (i.e., interclavicle vs clavicles) remains controversial. Here, we report the identification of the furcula in the birdlike theropod Halszkaraptor escuilliei. The bone is unique among furculae in non-avian dinosaurs in bearing a visceral articular facet in the hypocleideal end firmly joined to and overlapped by the sternal plates, a topographical pattern that supports the primary homology of the furcula with the interclavicle. The transformation of the interclavicle into the furcula in early theropods is correlated to the loss of the clavicles, and reinforced the interconnection between the contralateral scapulocoracoids, while relaxing the bridge between the scapulocoracoids with the sternum. The function of the forelimbs in theropod ancestors shifted from being a component of the locomotory quadrupedal module to an independent module specialized to grasping. The later evolution of novel locomotory modules among maniraptoran theropods, involving the forelimbs, drove the re-acquisition of a tighter connection between the scapulocoracoids and the interclavicle with the sternal complex.
format	article
author	Andrea Cau Vincent Beyrand Rinchen Barsbold Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar Pascal Godefroit
author_facet	Andrea Cau Vincent Beyrand Rinchen Barsbold Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar Pascal Godefroit
author_sort	Andrea Cau
title	Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
title_short	Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
title_full	Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
title_fullStr	Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
title_full_unstemmed	Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
title_sort	unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42647ad3b89d4f98a3e8807338b6c322
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Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology

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