Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care

Hormones mediate physiological and behavioral changes in adults as they transition into reproduction. In this study, we characterize the circulating levels of five key hormones involved in reproduction in rock doves (Columba livia): corticosterone, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and prolacti...

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Autores principales:	Suzanne H. Austin, Jesse S. Krause, Rechelle Viernes, Victoria S. Farrar, April M. Booth, Rayna M. Harris, Frédéric Angelier, Candice Lee, Annie Bond, John C. Wingfield, Matthew M. MacManes, Rebecca M. Calisi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	reproduction birds prolactin corticosterone sex steroids Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4291ec91d98647558953312f76d804a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4291ec91d98647558953312f76d804a92021-11-11T14:05:26ZUncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.631384https://doaj.org/article/4291ec91d98647558953312f76d804a92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.631384/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392Hormones mediate physiological and behavioral changes in adults as they transition into reproduction. In this study, we characterize the circulating levels of five key hormones involved in reproduction in rock doves (Columba livia): corticosterone, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and prolactin using univariate and multivariate approaches. We show similar patterns as previous studies in the overall patterns in circulating levels of these hormones, i.e., testosterone (males) and estradiol (females) high during nest-building or egg-laying, prolactin increasing at mid-incubation and peaking at hatching (both sexes), and elevated corticosterone levels in later incubation and early nestling development. In our investigation of hormone co-variation, we find a strong correlation between prolactin and corticosterone across sampling stages and similarities in earlier (early to mid-incubation) compared to later (late incubation to nestling d9) sampling stages in males and females. Finally, we utilized experimental manipulations to simulate nest loss or altered caregiving lengths to test whether external cues, internal timing, or a combination of these factors contributed most to hormone variation. Following nest loss, we found that both males and females responded to the external cue. Males generally responded quickly following nest loss by increasing circulating testosterone, but this response was muted when nest loss occurred early in reproduction. Similar treatment type, e.g., removal of eggs, clustered similarly in hormone space. These results suggest internal drivers limited male response early in reproduction to nest loss. In contrast, circulating levels of these hormones in females either did not change or decreased following nest manipulation suggesting responsiveness to external drivers, but unlike males, this result suggests that reproductive processes were decreasing.Suzanne H. AustinJesse S. KrauseJesse S. KrauseRechelle ViernesVictoria S. FarrarApril M. BoothRayna M. HarrisFrédéric AngelierCandice LeeAnnie BondJohn C. WingfieldMatthew M. MacManesRebecca M. CalisiFrontiers Media S.A.articlereproductionbirdsprolactincorticosteronesex steroidsDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reproduction birds prolactin corticosterone sex steroids Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	reproduction birds prolactin corticosterone sex steroids Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Suzanne H. Austin Jesse S. Krause Jesse S. Krause Rechelle Viernes Victoria S. Farrar April M. Booth Rayna M. Harris Frédéric Angelier Candice Lee Annie Bond John C. Wingfield Matthew M. MacManes Rebecca M. Calisi Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
description	Hormones mediate physiological and behavioral changes in adults as they transition into reproduction. In this study, we characterize the circulating levels of five key hormones involved in reproduction in rock doves (Columba livia): corticosterone, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and prolactin using univariate and multivariate approaches. We show similar patterns as previous studies in the overall patterns in circulating levels of these hormones, i.e., testosterone (males) and estradiol (females) high during nest-building or egg-laying, prolactin increasing at mid-incubation and peaking at hatching (both sexes), and elevated corticosterone levels in later incubation and early nestling development. In our investigation of hormone co-variation, we find a strong correlation between prolactin and corticosterone across sampling stages and similarities in earlier (early to mid-incubation) compared to later (late incubation to nestling d9) sampling stages in males and females. Finally, we utilized experimental manipulations to simulate nest loss or altered caregiving lengths to test whether external cues, internal timing, or a combination of these factors contributed most to hormone variation. Following nest loss, we found that both males and females responded to the external cue. Males generally responded quickly following nest loss by increasing circulating testosterone, but this response was muted when nest loss occurred early in reproduction. Similar treatment type, e.g., removal of eggs, clustered similarly in hormone space. These results suggest internal drivers limited male response early in reproduction to nest loss. In contrast, circulating levels of these hormones in females either did not change or decreased following nest manipulation suggesting responsiveness to external drivers, but unlike males, this result suggests that reproductive processes were decreasing.
format	article
author	Suzanne H. Austin Jesse S. Krause Jesse S. Krause Rechelle Viernes Victoria S. Farrar April M. Booth Rayna M. Harris Frédéric Angelier Candice Lee Annie Bond John C. Wingfield Matthew M. MacManes Rebecca M. Calisi
author_facet	Suzanne H. Austin Jesse S. Krause Jesse S. Krause Rechelle Viernes Victoria S. Farrar April M. Booth Rayna M. Harris Frédéric Angelier Candice Lee Annie Bond John C. Wingfield Matthew M. MacManes Rebecca M. Calisi
author_sort	Suzanne H. Austin
title	Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
title_short	Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
title_full	Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
title_fullStr	Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
title_full_unstemmed	Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care
title_sort	uncovering the sex-specific endocrine responses to reproduction and parental care
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4291ec91d98647558953312f76d804a9
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Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care

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