Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet

A high-salt diet (HSD) is one of the key risk factors for hypertension and kidney injury. In this study, a HSD C57BL/6J mice model was established with 4% NaCl, and then different concentrations of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> ZDY2013 were intragastrically administered for 2 weeks to a...

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Autores principales:	Cuixiang Wan, Shufang Chen, Kui Zhao, Zhongyue Ren, Lingling Peng, Huiling Xia, Hua Wei, Bo Yu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	high-salt diets intestinal flora kidney injury <i>Lactobacillus</i> untargeted metabolism Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42ac16e205b3409a847c6a7d0e854527
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42ac16e205b3409a847c6a7d0e8545272021-11-25T18:35:18ZSerum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet10.3390/nu131139202072-6643https://doaj.org/article/42ac16e205b3409a847c6a7d0e8545272021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3920https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643A high-salt diet (HSD) is one of the key risk factors for hypertension and kidney injury. In this study, a HSD C57BL/6J mice model was established with 4% NaCl, and then different concentrations of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> ZDY2013 were intragastrically administered for 2 weeks to alleviate HSD-induced renal injury. For the study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, non-targeted metabonomics, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and Masson’s staining were used to investigate the mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in alleviating renal damage. Results showed that HSD caused intestinal inflammation and changed the intestinal permeability of mice, disrupted the balance of intestinal flora, and increased toxic metabolites (tetrahydrocorticosteron (THB), 3-methyhistidine (3-MH), creatinine, urea, and L-kynurenine), resulting in serious kidney damage. Interestingly, <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of mice by increasing the level of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and decreasing that of <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i>. Moreover, the reconstructed intestinal microbiota significantly changed the concentration of the metabolites of hosts through metabolic pathways, including TCA cycle, ABC transport, purine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. The content of uremic toxins such as L-kynurenine, creatinine, and urea in the serum of mice was found to be decreased by <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013, which resulted in renal injury alleviation. Our data suggest that <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 can indeed improve chronic kidney injury by regulating intestinal flora, strengthening the intestinal barrier, limiting inflammatory response, and reducing uremic toxins.Cuixiang WanShufang ChenKui ZhaoZhongyue RenLingling PengHuiling XiaHua WeiBo YuMDPI AGarticlehigh-salt dietsintestinal florakidney injury<i>Lactobacillus</i>untargeted metabolismNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3920, p 3920 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	high-salt diets intestinal flora kidney injury <i>Lactobacillus</i> untargeted metabolism Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	high-salt diets intestinal flora kidney injury <i>Lactobacillus</i> untargeted metabolism Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Cuixiang Wan Shufang Chen Kui Zhao Zhongyue Ren Lingling Peng Huiling Xia Hua Wei Bo Yu Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
description	A high-salt diet (HSD) is one of the key risk factors for hypertension and kidney injury. In this study, a HSD C57BL/6J mice model was established with 4% NaCl, and then different concentrations of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> ZDY2013 were intragastrically administered for 2 weeks to alleviate HSD-induced renal injury. For the study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, non-targeted metabonomics, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and Masson’s staining were used to investigate the mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in alleviating renal damage. Results showed that HSD caused intestinal inflammation and changed the intestinal permeability of mice, disrupted the balance of intestinal flora, and increased toxic metabolites (tetrahydrocorticosteron (THB), 3-methyhistidine (3-MH), creatinine, urea, and L-kynurenine), resulting in serious kidney damage. Interestingly, <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of mice by increasing the level of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and decreasing that of <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i>. Moreover, the reconstructed intestinal microbiota significantly changed the concentration of the metabolites of hosts through metabolic pathways, including TCA cycle, ABC transport, purine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. The content of uremic toxins such as L-kynurenine, creatinine, and urea in the serum of mice was found to be decreased by <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013, which resulted in renal injury alleviation. Our data suggest that <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 can indeed improve chronic kidney injury by regulating intestinal flora, strengthening the intestinal barrier, limiting inflammatory response, and reducing uremic toxins.
format	article
author	Cuixiang Wan Shufang Chen Kui Zhao Zhongyue Ren Lingling Peng Huiling Xia Hua Wei Bo Yu
author_facet	Cuixiang Wan Shufang Chen Kui Zhao Zhongyue Ren Lingling Peng Huiling Xia Hua Wei Bo Yu
author_sort	Cuixiang Wan
title	Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
title_short	Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
title_full	Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
title_fullStr	Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
title_full_unstemmed	Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet
title_sort	serum untargeted metabolism reveals the mechanism of <i>l. plantarum</i> zdy2013 in alleviating kidney injury induced by high-salt diet
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42ac16e205b3409a847c6a7d0e854527
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Serum Untargeted Metabolism Reveals the Mechanism of <i>L. plantarum</i> ZDY2013 in Alleviating Kidney Injury Induced by High-Salt Diet

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