A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.

Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman,...

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Autores principales:	Genevieve Holdridge, Søren M Kristiansen, Gry H Barfod, Tim C Kinnaird, Achim Lichtenberger, Jesper Olsen, Bente Philippsen, Rubina Raja, Ian Simpson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42b8a5728a7d47248a961f6eb641e1ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42b8a5728a7d47248a961f6eb641e1ed2021-12-02T20:10:57ZA Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251923https://doaj.org/article/42b8a5728a7d47248a961f6eb641e1ed2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251923https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad period urban, artisanal, and everyday site activities contributed to substantial heavy metal contamination of the city and its hinterland wadi, even though no metal mining took place and hardly any lead water pipes were used. Distribution of heavy metal contaminants, especially Pb, observed in the urban soils and sediments within this ancient city and its hinterland wadi resulted from aeolian, fluvial, cultural and post-depositional processes. These represent the contamination pathways of an ancient city-hinterland setting and reflect long-term anthropogenic legacies at local and regional scales beginning in the Roman period. Thus, urban use and re-use of heavy metal sources should be factored into understanding historical global-scale contaminant distributions.Genevieve HoldridgeSøren M KristiansenGry H BarfodTim C KinnairdAchim LichtenbergerJesper OlsenBente PhilippsenRubina RajaIan SimpsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0251923 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Genevieve Holdridge Søren M Kristiansen Gry H Barfod Tim C Kinnaird Achim Lichtenberger Jesper Olsen Bente Philippsen Rubina Raja Ian Simpson A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
description	Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad period urban, artisanal, and everyday site activities contributed to substantial heavy metal contamination of the city and its hinterland wadi, even though no metal mining took place and hardly any lead water pipes were used. Distribution of heavy metal contaminants, especially Pb, observed in the urban soils and sediments within this ancient city and its hinterland wadi resulted from aeolian, fluvial, cultural and post-depositional processes. These represent the contamination pathways of an ancient city-hinterland setting and reflect long-term anthropogenic legacies at local and regional scales beginning in the Roman period. Thus, urban use and re-use of heavy metal sources should be factored into understanding historical global-scale contaminant distributions.
format	article
author	Genevieve Holdridge Søren M Kristiansen Gry H Barfod Tim C Kinnaird Achim Lichtenberger Jesper Olsen Bente Philippsen Rubina Raja Ian Simpson
author_facet	Genevieve Holdridge Søren M Kristiansen Gry H Barfod Tim C Kinnaird Achim Lichtenberger Jesper Olsen Bente Philippsen Rubina Raja Ian Simpson
author_sort	Genevieve Holdridge
title	A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
title_short	A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
title_full	A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
title_fullStr	A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
title_full_unstemmed	A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
title_sort	roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42b8a5728a7d47248a961f6eb641e1ed
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A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities.

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