Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies

The characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) requires laborious and time-consuming sample preparation steps before the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Middle-up approaches entailing the use of specific proteases (papain, IdeS, etc.) emerged as practical and informat...

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Autores principales:	Francesca Rinaldi, Sara Tengattini, Gloria Brusotti, Giuseppe Tripodo, Benjamin Peters, Caterina Temporini, Gabriella Massolini, Enrica Calleri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	monoclonal antibodies analytical characterization immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) monolithic supports polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) papain Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42c28a381a7749fe9825f9b785333003
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42c28a381a7749fe9825f9b7853330032021-11-09T06:53:51ZMonolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies2296-889X10.3389/fmolb.2021.765683https://doaj.org/article/42c28a381a7749fe9825f9b7853330032021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.765683/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-889XThe characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) requires laborious and time-consuming sample preparation steps before the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Middle-up approaches entailing the use of specific proteases (papain, IdeS, etc.) emerged as practical and informative methods for mAb characterization. This work reports the development of immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) based on papain able to support mAb analytical characterization. Two monolithic IMERs were prepared by the covalent immobilization of papain on different supports, both functionalized via epoxy groups: a Chromolith® WP 300 Epoxy silica column from Merck KGaA and a polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) material synthesized by our research group. The two bioreactors were included in an in-flow system and characterized in terms of immobilization yield, kinetics, activity, and stability using Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) as a standard substrate. Moreover, the two bioreactors were tested toward a standard mAb, namely, rituximab (RTX). An on-line platform for mAb sample preparation and analysis with minimal operator manipulation was developed with both IMERs, allowing to reduce enzyme consumption and to improve repeatability compared to in-batch reactions. The site-specificity of papain was maintained after its immobilization on silica and polyHIPE monolithic supports, and the two IMERs were successfully applied to RTX digestion for its structural characterization by LC-MS. The main pros and cons of the two supports for the present application were described.Francesca RinaldiSara TengattiniGloria BrusottiGiuseppe TripodoBenjamin PetersCaterina TemporiniGabriella MassoliniEnrica CalleriFrontiers Media S.A.articlemonoclonal antibodiesanalytical characterizationimmobilized enzyme reactor (IMER)monolithic supportspolymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs)papainBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	monoclonal antibodies analytical characterization immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) monolithic supports polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) papain Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	monoclonal antibodies analytical characterization immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) monolithic supports polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) papain Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Francesca Rinaldi Sara Tengattini Gloria Brusotti Giuseppe Tripodo Benjamin Peters Caterina Temporini Gabriella Massolini Enrica Calleri Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
description	The characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) requires laborious and time-consuming sample preparation steps before the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Middle-up approaches entailing the use of specific proteases (papain, IdeS, etc.) emerged as practical and informative methods for mAb characterization. This work reports the development of immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) based on papain able to support mAb analytical characterization. Two monolithic IMERs were prepared by the covalent immobilization of papain on different supports, both functionalized via epoxy groups: a Chromolith® WP 300 Epoxy silica column from Merck KGaA and a polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) material synthesized by our research group. The two bioreactors were included in an in-flow system and characterized in terms of immobilization yield, kinetics, activity, and stability using Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) as a standard substrate. Moreover, the two bioreactors were tested toward a standard mAb, namely, rituximab (RTX). An on-line platform for mAb sample preparation and analysis with minimal operator manipulation was developed with both IMERs, allowing to reduce enzyme consumption and to improve repeatability compared to in-batch reactions. The site-specificity of papain was maintained after its immobilization on silica and polyHIPE monolithic supports, and the two IMERs were successfully applied to RTX digestion for its structural characterization by LC-MS. The main pros and cons of the two supports for the present application were described.
format	article
author	Francesca Rinaldi Sara Tengattini Gloria Brusotti Giuseppe Tripodo Benjamin Peters Caterina Temporini Gabriella Massolini Enrica Calleri
author_facet	Francesca Rinaldi Sara Tengattini Gloria Brusotti Giuseppe Tripodo Benjamin Peters Caterina Temporini Gabriella Massolini Enrica Calleri
author_sort	Francesca Rinaldi
title	Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
title_short	Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
title_full	Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
title_fullStr	Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
title_full_unstemmed	Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies
title_sort	monolithic papain-immobilized enzyme reactors for automated structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42c28a381a7749fe9825f9b785333003
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Monolithic Papain-Immobilized Enzyme Reactors for Automated Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies

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