Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate

Abstract Effective working memory (WM) functioning depends on the gating process that regulates the balance between maintenance and updating of WM. The present study used the event-based eye-blink rate (ebEBR), which presumably reflects phasic striatal dopamine activity, to examine how the cognitive...

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Autores principales:	Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky, Heleen A. Slagter, Yoav Kessler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42cd3e98c10d4b97b132c4d5ecde51c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42cd3e98c10d4b97b132c4d5ecde51c82021-12-02T16:06:24ZTracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate10.1038/s41598-017-02942-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/42cd3e98c10d4b97b132c4d5ecde51c82017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02942-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Effective working memory (WM) functioning depends on the gating process that regulates the balance between maintenance and updating of WM. The present study used the event-based eye-blink rate (ebEBR), which presumably reflects phasic striatal dopamine activity, to examine how the cognitive processes of gating and updating separately facilitate flexible updating of WM contents and the potential involvement of dopamine in these processes. Real-time changes in eye blinks were tracked during performance on the reference-back task, in which demands on these two processes were independently manipulated. In all three experiments, trials that required WM updating and trials that required gate switching were both associated with increased ebEBR. These results may support the prefrontal cortex basal ganglia WM model (PBWM) by linking updating and gating to striatal dopaminergic activity. In Experiment 3, the ebEBR was used to determine what triggers gate switching. We found that switching to an updating mode (gate opening) was more stimulus driven and retroactive than switching to a maintenance mode, which was more context driven. Together, these findings show that the ebEBR – an inexpensive, non-invasive, easy-to-use measure – can be used to track changes in WM demands during task performance and, hence, possibly striatal dopamine activity.Rachel Rac-LubashevskyHeleen A. SlagterYoav KesslerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky Heleen A. Slagter Yoav Kessler Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
description	Abstract Effective working memory (WM) functioning depends on the gating process that regulates the balance between maintenance and updating of WM. The present study used the event-based eye-blink rate (ebEBR), which presumably reflects phasic striatal dopamine activity, to examine how the cognitive processes of gating and updating separately facilitate flexible updating of WM contents and the potential involvement of dopamine in these processes. Real-time changes in eye blinks were tracked during performance on the reference-back task, in which demands on these two processes were independently manipulated. In all three experiments, trials that required WM updating and trials that required gate switching were both associated with increased ebEBR. These results may support the prefrontal cortex basal ganglia WM model (PBWM) by linking updating and gating to striatal dopaminergic activity. In Experiment 3, the ebEBR was used to determine what triggers gate switching. We found that switching to an updating mode (gate opening) was more stimulus driven and retroactive than switching to a maintenance mode, which was more context driven. Together, these findings show that the ebEBR – an inexpensive, non-invasive, easy-to-use measure – can be used to track changes in WM demands during task performance and, hence, possibly striatal dopamine activity.
format	article
author	Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky Heleen A. Slagter Yoav Kessler
author_facet	Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky Heleen A. Slagter Yoav Kessler
author_sort	Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky
title	Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
title_short	Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
title_full	Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
title_fullStr	Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
title_full_unstemmed	Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
title_sort	tracking real-time changes in working memory updating and gating with the event-based eye-blink rate
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/42cd3e98c10d4b97b132c4d5ecde51c8
work_keys_str_mv	AT rachelraclubashevsky trackingrealtimechangesinworkingmemoryupdatingandgatingwiththeeventbasedeyeblinkrate AT heleenaslagter trackingrealtimechangesinworkingmemoryupdatingandgatingwiththeeventbasedeyeblinkrate AT yoavkessler trackingrealtimechangesinworkingmemoryupdatingandgatingwiththeeventbasedeyeblinkrate
_version_	1718385018395426816

Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate

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