Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border

The countries of Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set the goal of eliminating malaria in less than a decade. Although efforts to reduce the malaria burden in the region have been successful, there has been an alarming increase in cases in the Nicaraguan Moskitia since 2014. The cont...

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Autores principales:	Alejandra Pinto, Osman Archaga, Ángel Mejía, Lenin Escober, Jessica Henríquez, Alberto Montoya, Hugo O. Valdivia, Gustavo Fontecha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	malaria <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Honduras Nicaragua <i>pfmsp</i>-1 <i>pfmsp</i>-2 Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42f9ce2993af4ada954df78a267969ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42f9ce2993af4ada954df78a267969ec2021-11-25T18:38:13ZEvidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border10.3390/pathogens101114322076-0817https://doaj.org/article/42f9ce2993af4ada954df78a267969ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1432https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817The countries of Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set the goal of eliminating malaria in less than a decade. Although efforts to reduce the malaria burden in the region have been successful, there has been an alarming increase in cases in the Nicaraguan Moskitia since 2014. The continuous decrease in cases between 2000 and 2014, followed by a rapid expansion from 2015 to the present, has generated a potential bottleneck effect in the populations of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> and the decrease in allelic richness in this population. The polymorphic regions of the <i>pfmsp</i>-1 and <i>pfmsp</i>-2 genes of patients with falciparum malaria from Honduras and Nicaragua were analyzed using nested PCR and sequencing. Most of the samples were classified into the K1 allelic subfamily of the <i>pfmsp</i>-1 gene and into the 3D7 subfamily of the <i>pfmsp</i>-2 gene. Despite the low genetic diversity found, more than half of the samples presented a polyclonal K1/RO33 haplotype. No sequence polymorphisms were found within each allelic subfamily. This study describes a notable decrease in the genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> in the Moskitia region after a bottleneck phenomenon. These results will be useful for future epidemiological investigations and the monitoring of malaria transmission in Central America.Alejandra PintoOsman ArchagaÁngel MejíaLenin EscoberJessica HenríquezAlberto MontoyaHugo O. ValdiviaGustavo FontechaMDPI AGarticlemalaria<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>HondurasNicaragua<i>pfmsp</i>-1<i>pfmsp</i>-2MedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1432, p 1432 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Honduras Nicaragua <i>pfmsp</i>-1 <i>pfmsp</i>-2 Medicine R
spellingShingle	malaria <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Honduras Nicaragua <i>pfmsp</i>-1 <i>pfmsp</i>-2 Medicine R Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Ángel Mejía Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Alberto Montoya Hugo O. Valdivia Gustavo Fontecha Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
description	The countries of Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set the goal of eliminating malaria in less than a decade. Although efforts to reduce the malaria burden in the region have been successful, there has been an alarming increase in cases in the Nicaraguan Moskitia since 2014. The continuous decrease in cases between 2000 and 2014, followed by a rapid expansion from 2015 to the present, has generated a potential bottleneck effect in the populations of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> and the decrease in allelic richness in this population. The polymorphic regions of the <i>pfmsp</i>-1 and <i>pfmsp</i>-2 genes of patients with falciparum malaria from Honduras and Nicaragua were analyzed using nested PCR and sequencing. Most of the samples were classified into the K1 allelic subfamily of the <i>pfmsp</i>-1 gene and into the 3D7 subfamily of the <i>pfmsp</i>-2 gene. Despite the low genetic diversity found, more than half of the samples presented a polyclonal K1/RO33 haplotype. No sequence polymorphisms were found within each allelic subfamily. This study describes a notable decrease in the genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> in the Moskitia region after a bottleneck phenomenon. These results will be useful for future epidemiological investigations and the monitoring of malaria transmission in Central America.
format	article
author	Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Ángel Mejía Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Alberto Montoya Hugo O. Valdivia Gustavo Fontecha
author_facet	Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Ángel Mejía Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Alberto Montoya Hugo O. Valdivia Gustavo Fontecha
author_sort	Alejandra Pinto
title	Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
title_short	Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
title_full	Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
title_fullStr	Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border
title_sort	evidence of a recent bottleneck in <i>plasmodium falciparum</i> populations on the honduran–nicaraguan border
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42f9ce2993af4ada954df78a267969ec
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Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border

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