Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland

Lactic acid is a naturally existing organic acid, which may be used in many different branches of industrial application. It can be made in the sugar fermentation process from renewable raw lactic acid, which is an indispensable raw material, including in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical i...

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Autores principales:	Jodłowski Grzegorz S., Strzelec Edyta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	lactic acid lactic acid bacteria waste management glycerol circular economy Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42fb579949554088ab834c9a7fe3cca9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42fb579949554088ab834c9a7fe3cca92021-12-05T14:10:44ZUse of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland2391-542010.1515/chem-2021-0073https://doaj.org/article/42fb579949554088ab834c9a7fe3cca92021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0073https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5420Lactic acid is a naturally existing organic acid, which may be used in many different branches of industrial application. It can be made in the sugar fermentation process from renewable raw lactic acid, which is an indispensable raw material, including in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. It is an ecological product that has enjoyed great popularity in recent years. In 2010, the US Department of Energy published a report about lactic acid to be a potential building element for future technology, whose demand grows year by year. The lactic acid molecule naturally exists in plants, microorganisms, and animals and can also be produced by carbohydrate fermentation or chemical synthesis from coal, petroleum products, and natural gas. In industry, lactic acid can be produced by chemical synthesis or fermentation. Although racemic lactic acid is always produced chemically from petrochemical sources, the optically pure L(+) – or D(−) – lactic acid forms can be obtained by microbial fermentation of renewable resources when an appropriate microorganism is selected. Depending on the application, one form of optically pure LA is preferred over the other. Additionally, microbial fermentation offers benefits including cheap renewable substrates, low production temperatures, and low energy consumption. Due to these advantages, the most commonly used biotechnological production process with the use of biocatalysts, i.e., lactic acid bacteria. The cost of raw materials is one of the major factors in the economic production of lactic acid. As substrate costs cannot be reduced by scaling up the process, extensive research is currently underway to find new substrates for the production of LA. These searches include starch raw materials, lignocellulosic biomass, as well as waste from the food and refining industries. Here, the greatest attention is still drawn to molasses and whey as the largest sources of lactose, vitamins, and carbohydrates, as well as glycerol – a by-product of the biodiesel component production process. Focusing on the importance of lactic acid and its subsequent use as a product, but also a valuable raw material for polymerization (exactly to PLA), this review summarizes information about the properties and applications of lactic acid, as well as about its production and purification processes. An industrial installation for the production of lactic acid is only planned to be launched in Poland. As of today, there is no commercial-scale production of this bio-raw material. Thus, there is great potential for the application of the lactic acid production technology and research should be carried out on its development.Jodłowski Grzegorz S.Strzelec EdytaDe Gruyterarticlelactic acidlactic acid bacteriawaste managementglycerolcircular economyChemistryQD1-999ENOpen Chemistry, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 998-1008 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lactic acid lactic acid bacteria waste management glycerol circular economy Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	lactic acid lactic acid bacteria waste management glycerol circular economy Chemistry QD1-999 Jodłowski Grzegorz S. Strzelec Edyta Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
description	Lactic acid is a naturally existing organic acid, which may be used in many different branches of industrial application. It can be made in the sugar fermentation process from renewable raw lactic acid, which is an indispensable raw material, including in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. It is an ecological product that has enjoyed great popularity in recent years. In 2010, the US Department of Energy published a report about lactic acid to be a potential building element for future technology, whose demand grows year by year. The lactic acid molecule naturally exists in plants, microorganisms, and animals and can also be produced by carbohydrate fermentation or chemical synthesis from coal, petroleum products, and natural gas. In industry, lactic acid can be produced by chemical synthesis or fermentation. Although racemic lactic acid is always produced chemically from petrochemical sources, the optically pure L(+) – or D(−) – lactic acid forms can be obtained by microbial fermentation of renewable resources when an appropriate microorganism is selected. Depending on the application, one form of optically pure LA is preferred over the other. Additionally, microbial fermentation offers benefits including cheap renewable substrates, low production temperatures, and low energy consumption. Due to these advantages, the most commonly used biotechnological production process with the use of biocatalysts, i.e., lactic acid bacteria. The cost of raw materials is one of the major factors in the economic production of lactic acid. As substrate costs cannot be reduced by scaling up the process, extensive research is currently underway to find new substrates for the production of LA. These searches include starch raw materials, lignocellulosic biomass, as well as waste from the food and refining industries. Here, the greatest attention is still drawn to molasses and whey as the largest sources of lactose, vitamins, and carbohydrates, as well as glycerol – a by-product of the biodiesel component production process. Focusing on the importance of lactic acid and its subsequent use as a product, but also a valuable raw material for polymerization (exactly to PLA), this review summarizes information about the properties and applications of lactic acid, as well as about its production and purification processes. An industrial installation for the production of lactic acid is only planned to be launched in Poland. As of today, there is no commercial-scale production of this bio-raw material. Thus, there is great potential for the application of the lactic acid production technology and research should be carried out on its development.
format	article
author	Jodłowski Grzegorz S. Strzelec Edyta
author_facet	Jodłowski Grzegorz S. Strzelec Edyta
author_sort	Jodłowski Grzegorz S.
title	Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
title_short	Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
title_full	Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
title_fullStr	Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
title_full_unstemmed	Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
title_sort	use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: state of the art in poland
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/42fb579949554088ab834c9a7fe3cca9
work_keys_str_mv	AT jodłowskigrzegorzs useofglycerolwasteinlacticacidbacteriametabolismfortheproductionoflacticacidstateoftheartinpoland AT strzelecedyta useofglycerolwasteinlacticacidbacteriametabolismfortheproductionoflacticacidstateoftheartinpoland
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Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland

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