Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients

ABSTRACT The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether any MMR IgG titers are inversely correlated with severity in recovered COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with MMR II. We divid...

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Autores principales:	Jeffrey E. Gold, William H. Baumgartl, Ramazan A. Okyay, Warren E. Licht, Paul L. Fidel, Mairi C. Noverr, Larry P. Tilley, David J. Hurley, Balázs Rada, John W. Ashford
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	coronavirus COVID-19 immunization measles MMR mumps Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/42fce5f1301d4091a5c875bba0c50db5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:42fce5f1301d4091a5c875bba0c50db52021-11-15T15:55:43ZAnalysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients10.1128/mBio.02628-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/42fce5f1301d4091a5c875bba0c50db52020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02628-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether any MMR IgG titers are inversely correlated with severity in recovered COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with MMR II. We divided 80 subjects into two groups, comparing MMR titers to recent COVID-19 severity levels. The MMR II group consisted of 50 subjects who would primarily have MMR antibodies from the MMR II vaccine, and a comparison group of 30 subjects consisted of those who would primarily have MMR antibodies from sources other than MMR II, including prior measles, mumps, and/or rubella illnesses. There was a significant inverse correlation (rs = −0.71, P < 0.001) between mumps virus titers (mumps titers) and COVID-19 severity within the MMR II group. There were no significant correlations between mumps titers and severity in the comparison group, between mumps titers and age in the MMR II group, or between severity and measles or rubella titers in either group. Within the MMR II group, mumps titers of 134 to 300 arbitrary units (AU)/ml (n = 8) were found only in those who were functionally immune or asymptomatic; all with mild symptoms had mumps titers below 134 AU/ml (n = 17); all with moderate symptoms had mumps titers below 75 AU/ml (n = 11); all who had been hospitalized and had required oxygen had mumps titers below 32 AU/ml (n = 5). Our results demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between mumps titers from MMR II and COVID-19 severity. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has presented various paradoxes that, if understood better, may provide clues to controlling the pandemic, even before a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. First, young children are largely spared from severe disease. Second, numerous countries have COVID-19 death rates that are as low as 1% of the death rates of other countries. Third, many people, despite prolonged close contact with someone who is COVID-19 positive, never test positive themselves. Fourth, nearly half of people who test positive for COVID-19 are asymptomatic. Some researchers have theorized that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine may be responsible for these disparities. The significance of our study is that it showed that mumps titers related to the MMR II vaccine are significantly and inversely correlated with the severity of COVID-19-related symptoms, supporting the theorized association between the MMR vaccine and COVID-19 severity.Jeffrey E. GoldWilliam H. BaumgartlRamazan A. OkyayWarren E. LichtPaul L. FidelMairi C. NoverrLarry P. TilleyDavid J. HurleyBalázs RadaJohn W. AshfordAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlecoronavirusCOVID-19immunizationmeaslesMMRmumpsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coronavirus COVID-19 immunization measles MMR mumps Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	coronavirus COVID-19 immunization measles MMR mumps Microbiology QR1-502 Jeffrey E. Gold William H. Baumgartl Ramazan A. Okyay Warren E. Licht Paul L. Fidel Mairi C. Noverr Larry P. Tilley David J. Hurley Balázs Rada John W. Ashford Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
description	ABSTRACT The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether any MMR IgG titers are inversely correlated with severity in recovered COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with MMR II. We divided 80 subjects into two groups, comparing MMR titers to recent COVID-19 severity levels. The MMR II group consisted of 50 subjects who would primarily have MMR antibodies from the MMR II vaccine, and a comparison group of 30 subjects consisted of those who would primarily have MMR antibodies from sources other than MMR II, including prior measles, mumps, and/or rubella illnesses. There was a significant inverse correlation (rs = −0.71, P < 0.001) between mumps virus titers (mumps titers) and COVID-19 severity within the MMR II group. There were no significant correlations between mumps titers and severity in the comparison group, between mumps titers and age in the MMR II group, or between severity and measles or rubella titers in either group. Within the MMR II group, mumps titers of 134 to 300 arbitrary units (AU)/ml (n = 8) were found only in those who were functionally immune or asymptomatic; all with mild symptoms had mumps titers below 134 AU/ml (n = 17); all with moderate symptoms had mumps titers below 75 AU/ml (n = 11); all who had been hospitalized and had required oxygen had mumps titers below 32 AU/ml (n = 5). Our results demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between mumps titers from MMR II and COVID-19 severity. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has presented various paradoxes that, if understood better, may provide clues to controlling the pandemic, even before a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. First, young children are largely spared from severe disease. Second, numerous countries have COVID-19 death rates that are as low as 1% of the death rates of other countries. Third, many people, despite prolonged close contact with someone who is COVID-19 positive, never test positive themselves. Fourth, nearly half of people who test positive for COVID-19 are asymptomatic. Some researchers have theorized that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine may be responsible for these disparities. The significance of our study is that it showed that mumps titers related to the MMR II vaccine are significantly and inversely correlated with the severity of COVID-19-related symptoms, supporting the theorized association between the MMR vaccine and COVID-19 severity.
format	article
author	Jeffrey E. Gold William H. Baumgartl Ramazan A. Okyay Warren E. Licht Paul L. Fidel Mairi C. Noverr Larry P. Tilley David J. Hurley Balázs Rada John W. Ashford
author_facet	Jeffrey E. Gold William H. Baumgartl Ramazan A. Okyay Warren E. Licht Paul L. Fidel Mairi C. Noverr Larry P. Tilley David J. Hurley Balázs Rada John W. Ashford
author_sort	Jeffrey E. Gold
title	Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
title_short	Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
title_full	Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
title_fullStr	Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients
title_sort	analysis of measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) titers of recovered covid-19 patients
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/42fce5f1301d4091a5c875bba0c50db5
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Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients

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