Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling

Abstract Thermospheric mass density values around the 400-km altitude in the cusp can be significantly enhanced as compared to regions around the cusp. To gain insights into the extent to which the magnitude of the cusp mass density enhancements can be explained by the static distributions of modera...

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Autores principales:	Tomokazu Oigawa, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Satoshi Taguchi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Neutral mass density anomaly Neutral upwelling Cusp Joule heating Neutral–ion drag Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43041ad2325740509742b42a66cf02b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43041ad2325740509742b42a66cf02b12021-11-08T11:02:29ZTime-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling10.1186/s40623-021-01535-91880-5981https://doaj.org/article/43041ad2325740509742b42a66cf02b12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01535-9https://doaj.org/toc/1880-5981Abstract Thermospheric mass density values around the 400-km altitude in the cusp can be significantly enhanced as compared to regions around the cusp. To gain insights into the extent to which the magnitude of the cusp mass density enhancements can be explained by the static distributions of moderate electric field and electron precipitation typical for a period of large IMF B Y, we employed a high-resolution two-dimensional local model that can represent the plasma features that are characteristic of the cusp: azimuthal ion flow and low-energy electron precipitation. We also calculated the thermospheric dynamics with and without neutral–ion drag. We found that in the calculation with this drag the obtained mass density enhancement is 10% at most, indicating that the thermospheric dynamics imposing the moderate static electric field and electron precipitation can only explain about one-third of the typical magnitude of cusp thermospheric mass density, i.e., 33%. We also found that in the calculation without neutral–ion drag the magnitude of the mass density enhancement is slightly larger than the one with the neutral–ion drag. To explain the average magnitude of the cusp mass density enhancements completely, other energy inputs such as Alfvén waves, in addition to the static distributions of electric field and electron precipitation, are needed. Graphical AbstractTomokazu OigawaHiroyuki ShinagawaSatoshi TaguchiSpringerOpenarticleNeutral mass density anomalyNeutral upwellingCuspJoule heatingNeutral–ion dragGeography. Anthropology. RecreationGGeodesyQB275-343GeologyQE1-996.5ENEarth, Planets and Space, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neutral mass density anomaly Neutral upwelling Cusp Joule heating Neutral–ion drag Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	Neutral mass density anomaly Neutral upwelling Cusp Joule heating Neutral–ion drag Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 Tomokazu Oigawa Hiroyuki Shinagawa Satoshi Taguchi Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
description	Abstract Thermospheric mass density values around the 400-km altitude in the cusp can be significantly enhanced as compared to regions around the cusp. To gain insights into the extent to which the magnitude of the cusp mass density enhancements can be explained by the static distributions of moderate electric field and electron precipitation typical for a period of large IMF B Y, we employed a high-resolution two-dimensional local model that can represent the plasma features that are characteristic of the cusp: azimuthal ion flow and low-energy electron precipitation. We also calculated the thermospheric dynamics with and without neutral–ion drag. We found that in the calculation with this drag the obtained mass density enhancement is 10% at most, indicating that the thermospheric dynamics imposing the moderate static electric field and electron precipitation can only explain about one-third of the typical magnitude of cusp thermospheric mass density, i.e., 33%. We also found that in the calculation without neutral–ion drag the magnitude of the mass density enhancement is slightly larger than the one with the neutral–ion drag. To explain the average magnitude of the cusp mass density enhancements completely, other energy inputs such as Alfvén waves, in addition to the static distributions of electric field and electron precipitation, are needed. Graphical Abstract
format	article
author	Tomokazu Oigawa Hiroyuki Shinagawa Satoshi Taguchi
author_facet	Tomokazu Oigawa Hiroyuki Shinagawa Satoshi Taguchi
author_sort	Tomokazu Oigawa
title	Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
title_short	Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
title_full	Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
title_fullStr	Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
title_full_unstemmed	Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
title_sort	time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large imf b y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/43041ad2325740509742b42a66cf02b1
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Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF B Y: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling

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