Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers

Piezoelectrets are artificial ferroelectrics that are produced from non-polar air-filled porous polymers by symmetry breaking through high-voltage-induced Paschen breakdown in air. A new strategy for three-layer polymer sandwiches is introduced by separating the electrical from the mechanical respon...

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Autores principales: Heinz von Seggern, Sergey Zhukov, Omar Ben Dali, Claas Hartmann, Gerhard M. Sessler, Mario Kupnik
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
FEP
TPU
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/430cb68afae04cc9840e2b0dd060cb6c
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Sumario:Piezoelectrets are artificial ferroelectrics that are produced from non-polar air-filled porous polymers by symmetry breaking through high-voltage-induced Paschen breakdown in air. A new strategy for three-layer polymer sandwiches is introduced by separating the electrical from the mechanical response. A 3D-printed grid of periodically spaced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) spacers and air channels was sandwiched between two thin fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) films. After corona charging, the air-filled sections acted as electroactive elements, while the ultra-soft TPU sections determined the mechanical stiffness. Due to the ultra-soft TPU sections, very high quasi-static (22,000 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) and dynamic (7500 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients were achieved. The isothermal stability of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients showed a strong dependence on poling temperature. Furthermore, the thermally stimulated discharge currents revealed well-known instability of positive charge carriers in FEP, thereby offering the possibility of stabilization by high-temperature poling. The dependences of the dynamic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficient on seismic mass and acceleration showed high coefficients, even at accelerations approaching that of gravity. An advanced analytical model rationalizes the magnitude of the obtained quasi-static <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients of the suggested structure indicating a potential for further optimization.