Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers

Piezoelectrets are artificial ferroelectrics that are produced from non-polar air-filled porous polymers by symmetry breaking through high-voltage-induced Paschen breakdown in air. A new strategy for three-layer polymer sandwiches is introduced by separating the electrical from the mechanical respon...

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Autores principales:	Heinz von Seggern, Sergey Zhukov, Omar Ben Dali, Claas Hartmann, Gerhard M. Sessler, Mario Kupnik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ferroelectret piezoelectret fluoropolymer elastomer FEP TPU Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/430cb68afae04cc9840e2b0dd060cb6c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:430cb68afae04cc9840e2b0dd060cb6c2021-11-11T18:46:20ZHighly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers10.3390/polym132137512073-4360https://doaj.org/article/430cb68afae04cc9840e2b0dd060cb6c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3751https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Piezoelectrets are artificial ferroelectrics that are produced from non-polar air-filled porous polymers by symmetry breaking through high-voltage-induced Paschen breakdown in air. A new strategy for three-layer polymer sandwiches is introduced by separating the electrical from the mechanical response. A 3D-printed grid of periodically spaced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) spacers and air channels was sandwiched between two thin fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) films. After corona charging, the air-filled sections acted as electroactive elements, while the ultra-soft TPU sections determined the mechanical stiffness. Due to the ultra-soft TPU sections, very high quasi-static (22,000 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) and dynamic (7500 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients were achieved. The isothermal stability of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients showed a strong dependence on poling temperature. Furthermore, the thermally stimulated discharge currents revealed well-known instability of positive charge carriers in FEP, thereby offering the possibility of stabilization by high-temperature poling. The dependences of the dynamic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficient on seismic mass and acceleration showed high coefficients, even at accelerations approaching that of gravity. An advanced analytical model rationalizes the magnitude of the obtained quasi-static <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients of the suggested structure indicating a potential for further optimization.Heinz von SeggernSergey ZhukovOmar Ben DaliClaas HartmannGerhard M. SesslerMario KupnikMDPI AGarticleferroelectretpiezoelectretfluoropolymerelastomerFEPTPUOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3751, p 3751 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ferroelectret piezoelectret fluoropolymer elastomer FEP TPU Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	ferroelectret piezoelectret fluoropolymer elastomer FEP TPU Organic chemistry QD241-441 Heinz von Seggern Sergey Zhukov Omar Ben Dali Claas Hartmann Gerhard M. Sessler Mario Kupnik Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
description	Piezoelectrets are artificial ferroelectrics that are produced from non-polar air-filled porous polymers by symmetry breaking through high-voltage-induced Paschen breakdown in air. A new strategy for three-layer polymer sandwiches is introduced by separating the electrical from the mechanical response. A 3D-printed grid of periodically spaced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) spacers and air channels was sandwiched between two thin fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) films. After corona charging, the air-filled sections acted as electroactive elements, while the ultra-soft TPU sections determined the mechanical stiffness. Due to the ultra-soft TPU sections, very high quasi-static (22,000 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) and dynamic (7500 pC N<sup>−1</sup>) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients were achieved. The isothermal stability of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients showed a strong dependence on poling temperature. Furthermore, the thermally stimulated discharge currents revealed well-known instability of positive charge carriers in FEP, thereby offering the possibility of stabilization by high-temperature poling. The dependences of the dynamic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficient on seismic mass and acceleration showed high coefficients, even at accelerations approaching that of gravity. An advanced analytical model rationalizes the magnitude of the obtained quasi-static <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> coefficients of the suggested structure indicating a potential for further optimization.
format	article
author	Heinz von Seggern Sergey Zhukov Omar Ben Dali Claas Hartmann Gerhard M. Sessler Mario Kupnik
author_facet	Heinz von Seggern Sergey Zhukov Omar Ben Dali Claas Hartmann Gerhard M. Sessler Mario Kupnik
author_sort	Heinz von Seggern
title	Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
title_short	Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
title_full	Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
title_fullStr	Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
title_full_unstemmed	Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers
title_sort	highly efficient piezoelectrets through ultra-soft elastomeric spacers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/430cb68afae04cc9840e2b0dd060cb6c
work_keys_str_mv	AT heinzvonseggern highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers AT sergeyzhukov highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers AT omarbendali highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers AT claashartmann highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers AT gerhardmsessler highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers AT mariokupnik highlyefficientpiezoelectretsthroughultrasoftelastomericspacers
_version_	1718431697813372928

Highly Efficient Piezoelectrets through Ultra-Soft Elastomeric Spacers

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