Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.

Human migration north through Africa is contentious. This paper uses a novel palaeohydrological and hydraulic modelling approach to test the hypothesis that under wetter climates c.100,000 years ago major river systems ran north across the Sahara to the Mediterranean, creating viable migration route...

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Autores principales:	Tom J Coulthard, Jorge A Ramirez, Nick Barton, Mike Rogerson, Tim Brücher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43102f68156f4957b5400eb7a5c6a6e2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:43102f68156f4957b5400eb7a5c6a6e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43102f68156f4957b5400eb7a5c6a6e22021-11-18T08:55:40ZWere rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0074834https://doaj.org/article/43102f68156f4957b5400eb7a5c6a6e22013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24040347/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Human migration north through Africa is contentious. This paper uses a novel palaeohydrological and hydraulic modelling approach to test the hypothesis that under wetter climates c.100,000 years ago major river systems ran north across the Sahara to the Mediterranean, creating viable migration routes. We confirm that three of these now buried palaeo river systems could have been active at the key time of human migration across the Sahara. Unexpectedly, it is the most western of these three rivers, the Irharhar river, that represents the most likely route for human migration. The Irharhar river flows directly south to north, uniquely linking the mountain areas experiencing monsoon climates at these times to temperate Mediterranean environments where food and resources would have been abundant. The findings have major implications for our understanding of how humans migrated north through Africa, for the first time providing a quantitative perspective on the probabilities that these routes were viable for human habitation at these times.Tom J CoulthardJorge A RamirezNick BartonMike RogersonTim BrücherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e74834 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tom J Coulthard Jorge A Ramirez Nick Barton Mike Rogerson Tim Brücher Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
description	Human migration north through Africa is contentious. This paper uses a novel palaeohydrological and hydraulic modelling approach to test the hypothesis that under wetter climates c.100,000 years ago major river systems ran north across the Sahara to the Mediterranean, creating viable migration routes. We confirm that three of these now buried palaeo river systems could have been active at the key time of human migration across the Sahara. Unexpectedly, it is the most western of these three rivers, the Irharhar river, that represents the most likely route for human migration. The Irharhar river flows directly south to north, uniquely linking the mountain areas experiencing monsoon climates at these times to temperate Mediterranean environments where food and resources would have been abundant. The findings have major implications for our understanding of how humans migrated north through Africa, for the first time providing a quantitative perspective on the probabilities that these routes were viable for human habitation at these times.
format	article
author	Tom J Coulthard Jorge A Ramirez Nick Barton Mike Rogerson Tim Brücher
author_facet	Tom J Coulthard Jorge A Ramirez Nick Barton Mike Rogerson Tim Brücher
author_sort	Tom J Coulthard
title	Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
title_short	Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
title_full	Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
title_fullStr	Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
title_full_unstemmed	Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.
title_sort	were rivers flowing across the sahara during the last interglacial? implications for human migration through africa.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/43102f68156f4957b5400eb7a5c6a6e2
work_keys_str_mv	AT tomjcoulthard wereriversflowingacrossthesaharaduringthelastinterglacialimplicationsforhumanmigrationthroughafrica AT jorgearamirez wereriversflowingacrossthesaharaduringthelastinterglacialimplicationsforhumanmigrationthroughafrica AT nickbarton wereriversflowingacrossthesaharaduringthelastinterglacialimplicationsforhumanmigrationthroughafrica AT mikerogerson wereriversflowingacrossthesaharaduringthelastinterglacialimplicationsforhumanmigrationthroughafrica AT timbrucher wereriversflowingacrossthesaharaduringthelastinterglacialimplicationsforhumanmigrationthroughafrica
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Were rivers flowing across the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa.

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