The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory

The Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) is a new platform, which is expected to advance current Earth radiation budget (ERB) research with better observations. For the instrument design of a MERO system, ascertaining the spatial resolution and sampling scheme is important. However, current...

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Autores principales:	Wentao Duan, Jiandong Liu, Qingyun Yan, Haibing Ruan, Shuanggen Jin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	spatial resolution temporal sampling scheme measurement error Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43175e32b1f3405a9f80953b2973efc6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43175e32b1f3405a9f80953b2973efc62021-11-11T18:56:33ZThe Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory10.3390/rs132144322072-4292https://doaj.org/article/43175e32b1f3405a9f80953b2973efc62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4432https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) is a new platform, which is expected to advance current Earth radiation budget (ERB) research with better observations. For the instrument design of a MERO system, ascertaining the spatial resolution and sampling scheme is important. However, current knowledge about this is still limited. Here we proposed a simulation method for the MERO-measured Earth top of atmosphere (TOA) outgoing shortwave radiation (OSR) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fluxes and constructed the “true” Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes based on the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. Then we used them to reveal the effects of spatial resolution and temporal scheme (sampling interval and the temporal sampling sequence) on the measurement error of a MERO. Our results indicate that the spatial sampling error in the unit of percentage reduces linearly as the spatial resolution varies from 1000 km to 100 km; the rate is 2.5%/100 km for the Earth TOA OSR flux, which is higher than that (1%/100 km) of the TOA OLR flux. Besides, this rate becomes larger when the spatial resolution is finer than 40 km. It is also demonstrated that a sampling temporal sequence of starting time of 64 min with a sampling interval of 90 min is the optimal sampling scheme that results in the least temporal sampling error for the MERO system with a 40 km spatial resolution, note that this conclusion depends on the temporal resolution and quality of the data used to construct the “true” Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes. The proposed method and derived results in this study could facilitate the ascertainment of the optimal spatial resolution and sampling scheme of a MERO system under certain manufacturing budget and measurement error limit.Wentao DuanJiandong LiuQingyun YanHaibing RuanShuanggen JinMDPI AGarticlespatial resolutiontemporal sampling schememeasurement errorMoon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO)ScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4432, p 4432 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spatial resolution temporal sampling scheme measurement error Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) Science Q
spellingShingle	spatial resolution temporal sampling scheme measurement error Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) Science Q Wentao Duan Jiandong Liu Qingyun Yan Haibing Ruan Shuanggen Jin The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
description	The Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) is a new platform, which is expected to advance current Earth radiation budget (ERB) research with better observations. For the instrument design of a MERO system, ascertaining the spatial resolution and sampling scheme is important. However, current knowledge about this is still limited. Here we proposed a simulation method for the MERO-measured Earth top of atmosphere (TOA) outgoing shortwave radiation (OSR) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fluxes and constructed the “true” Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes based on the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. Then we used them to reveal the effects of spatial resolution and temporal scheme (sampling interval and the temporal sampling sequence) on the measurement error of a MERO. Our results indicate that the spatial sampling error in the unit of percentage reduces linearly as the spatial resolution varies from 1000 km to 100 km; the rate is 2.5%/100 km for the Earth TOA OSR flux, which is higher than that (1%/100 km) of the TOA OLR flux. Besides, this rate becomes larger when the spatial resolution is finer than 40 km. It is also demonstrated that a sampling temporal sequence of starting time of 64 min with a sampling interval of 90 min is the optimal sampling scheme that results in the least temporal sampling error for the MERO system with a 40 km spatial resolution, note that this conclusion depends on the temporal resolution and quality of the data used to construct the “true” Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes. The proposed method and derived results in this study could facilitate the ascertainment of the optimal spatial resolution and sampling scheme of a MERO system under certain manufacturing budget and measurement error limit.
format	article
author	Wentao Duan Jiandong Liu Qingyun Yan Haibing Ruan Shuanggen Jin
author_facet	Wentao Duan Jiandong Liu Qingyun Yan Haibing Ruan Shuanggen Jin
author_sort	Wentao Duan
title	The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
title_short	The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
title_full	The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
title_fullStr	The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory
title_sort	effect of spatial resolution and temporal sampling schemes on the measurement error for a moon-based earth radiation observatory
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/43175e32b1f3405a9f80953b2973efc6
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The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory

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