Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.

<h4>Background</h4>In Uganda, Rhodesian sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and animal trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax and T. congolense, are being controlled by treating cattle with trypanocides and/or insecticides. We used a mathematical model to identify tr...

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Autores principales:	John W Hargrove, Rachid Ouifki, Damian Kajunguri, Glyn A Vale, Stephen J Torr
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/435a821e9ddf40faacf8d9edf5b32bfa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:435a821e9ddf40faacf8d9edf5b32bfa2021-11-18T09:14:12ZModeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001615https://doaj.org/article/435a821e9ddf40faacf8d9edf5b32bfa2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22616017/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>In Uganda, Rhodesian sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and animal trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax and T. congolense, are being controlled by treating cattle with trypanocides and/or insecticides. We used a mathematical model to identify treatment coverages required to break transmission when host populations consisted of various proportions of wild and domestic mammals, and reptiles.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>An Ro model for trypanosomiasis was generalized to allow tsetse to feed off multiple host species. Assuming populations of cattle and humans only, pre-intervention Ro values for T. vivax, T. congolense, and T. brucei were 388, 64 and 3, respectively. Treating cattle with trypanocides reduced R(0) for T. brucei to <1 if >65% of cattle were treated, vs 100% coverage necessary for T. vivax and T. congolense. The presence of wild mammalian hosts increased the coverage required and made control of T. vivax and T. congolense impossible. When tsetse fed only on cattle or humans, R(0) for T. brucei was <1 if 20% of cattle were treated with insecticide, compared to 55% for T. congolense. If wild mammalian hosts were also present, control of the two species was impossible if proportions of non-human bloodmeals from cattle were <40% or <70%, respectively. R(0) was <1 for T. vivax only when insecticide treatment led to reductions in the tsetse population. Under such circumstances R(0)<1 for T. brucei and T. congolense if cattle make up 30% and 55%, respectively of the non-human tsetse bloodmeals, as long as all cattle are treated with insecticide.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In settled areas of Uganda with few wild hosts, control of Rhodesian sleeping sickness is likely to be much more effectively controlled by treating cattle with insecticide than with trypanocides.John W HargroveRachid OuifkiDamian KajunguriGlyn A ValeStephen J TorrPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e1615 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 John W Hargrove Rachid Ouifki Damian Kajunguri Glyn A Vale Stephen J Torr Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In Uganda, Rhodesian sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and animal trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax and T. congolense, are being controlled by treating cattle with trypanocides and/or insecticides. We used a mathematical model to identify treatment coverages required to break transmission when host populations consisted of various proportions of wild and domestic mammals, and reptiles.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>An Ro model for trypanosomiasis was generalized to allow tsetse to feed off multiple host species. Assuming populations of cattle and humans only, pre-intervention Ro values for T. vivax, T. congolense, and T. brucei were 388, 64 and 3, respectively. Treating cattle with trypanocides reduced R(0) for T. brucei to <1 if >65% of cattle were treated, vs 100% coverage necessary for T. vivax and T. congolense. The presence of wild mammalian hosts increased the coverage required and made control of T. vivax and T. congolense impossible. When tsetse fed only on cattle or humans, R(0) for T. brucei was <1 if 20% of cattle were treated with insecticide, compared to 55% for T. congolense. If wild mammalian hosts were also present, control of the two species was impossible if proportions of non-human bloodmeals from cattle were <40% or <70%, respectively. R(0) was <1 for T. vivax only when insecticide treatment led to reductions in the tsetse population. Under such circumstances R(0)<1 for T. brucei and T. congolense if cattle make up 30% and 55%, respectively of the non-human tsetse bloodmeals, as long as all cattle are treated with insecticide.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In settled areas of Uganda with few wild hosts, control of Rhodesian sleeping sickness is likely to be much more effectively controlled by treating cattle with insecticide than with trypanocides.
format	article
author	John W Hargrove Rachid Ouifki Damian Kajunguri Glyn A Vale Stephen J Torr
author_facet	John W Hargrove Rachid Ouifki Damian Kajunguri Glyn A Vale Stephen J Torr
author_sort	John W Hargrove
title	Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
title_short	Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
title_full	Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
title_fullStr	Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
title_sort	modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/435a821e9ddf40faacf8d9edf5b32bfa
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Modeling the control of trypanosomiasis using trypanocides or insecticide-treated livestock.

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