Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)

Background: Several instruments that measure spirituality present overlaps with positive emotions, impacting the interpretation of their findings. In order to minimize these problems, we aimed to develop, assess the reliability and validate a new scale to evaluate spirituality.Methods: The instrumen...

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Autores principales:	Camilla Casaletti Braghetta, Clarice Gorenstein, Yuan Pang Wang, Camila Bertini Martins, Frederico Camelo Leão, Mario Fernando Prieto Peres, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Homero Vallada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	spirituality (MeSH) scale factorial analisys instrument measure psychometrics Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/436705db610c41e3839a131ddf50742a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:436705db610c41e3839a131ddf50742a2021-11-04T09:31:34ZDevelopment of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.764132https://doaj.org/article/436705db610c41e3839a131ddf50742a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764132/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Background: Several instruments that measure spirituality present overlaps with positive emotions, impacting the interpretation of their findings. In order to minimize these problems, we aimed to develop, assess the reliability and validate a new scale to evaluate spirituality.Methods: The instrument was designed using a theoretical framework minimizing tautological issues (i.e., Koenig’s framework), a qualitative study investigating the definitions of spirituality, the development of the first version of instrument by experts’ meetings and a qualitative cognitive debriefing. Then, the instrument was examined for its content validity by a multidisciplinary group of judges and was pilot-tested in two different groups – less religious (medical students – n = 85) and more religious (practicing religious members – n = 85). Finally, psychometric properties and validity were assessed.Results: The developed Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES) is a self-report 11-item instrument using five-level Likert items. ARES presented appropriate psychometric properties revealing excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.98) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.98). Likewise, ARES was strongly correlated with other validated R/S instruments (i.e., Duke Religion Index and Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality) and was able to discriminate higher and lower religious groups. In the exploratory factor analysis, a unidimensional structure of the scale was described. Fit indices for the scale demonstrated good fit in the unidimensional model.Conclusion: The ARES is a reliable, valid and stable one-dimension instrument that is appropriate for use in the Portuguese-speaking population.Descriptors: Spirituality; Scale; Factorial Analysis; Instrument; Measure; Psychometrics.Camilla Casaletti BraghettaCamilla Casaletti BraghettaClarice GorensteinClarice GorensteinYuan Pang WangCamila Bertini MartinsFrederico Camelo LeãoMario Fernando Prieto PeresGiancarlo LucchettiHomero ValladaHomero ValladaFrontiers Media S.A.articlespirituality (MeSH)scalefactorial analisysinstrumentmeasurepsychometricsPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spirituality (MeSH) scale factorial analisys instrument measure psychometrics Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	spirituality (MeSH) scale factorial analisys instrument measure psychometrics Psychology BF1-990 Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Clarice Gorenstein Clarice Gorenstein Yuan Pang Wang Camila Bertini Martins Frederico Camelo Leão Mario Fernando Prieto Peres Giancarlo Lucchetti Homero Vallada Homero Vallada Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
description	Background: Several instruments that measure spirituality present overlaps with positive emotions, impacting the interpretation of their findings. In order to minimize these problems, we aimed to develop, assess the reliability and validate a new scale to evaluate spirituality.Methods: The instrument was designed using a theoretical framework minimizing tautological issues (i.e., Koenig’s framework), a qualitative study investigating the definitions of spirituality, the development of the first version of instrument by experts’ meetings and a qualitative cognitive debriefing. Then, the instrument was examined for its content validity by a multidisciplinary group of judges and was pilot-tested in two different groups – less religious (medical students – n = 85) and more religious (practicing religious members – n = 85). Finally, psychometric properties and validity were assessed.Results: The developed Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES) is a self-report 11-item instrument using five-level Likert items. ARES presented appropriate psychometric properties revealing excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.98) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.98). Likewise, ARES was strongly correlated with other validated R/S instruments (i.e., Duke Religion Index and Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality) and was able to discriminate higher and lower religious groups. In the exploratory factor analysis, a unidimensional structure of the scale was described. Fit indices for the scale demonstrated good fit in the unidimensional model.Conclusion: The ARES is a reliable, valid and stable one-dimension instrument that is appropriate for use in the Portuguese-speaking population.Descriptors: Spirituality; Scale; Factorial Analysis; Instrument; Measure; Psychometrics.
format	article
author	Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Clarice Gorenstein Clarice Gorenstein Yuan Pang Wang Camila Bertini Martins Frederico Camelo Leão Mario Fernando Prieto Peres Giancarlo Lucchetti Homero Vallada Homero Vallada
author_facet	Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Camilla Casaletti Braghetta Clarice Gorenstein Clarice Gorenstein Yuan Pang Wang Camila Bertini Martins Frederico Camelo Leão Mario Fernando Prieto Peres Giancarlo Lucchetti Homero Vallada Homero Vallada
author_sort	Camilla Casaletti Braghetta
title	Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
title_short	Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
title_full	Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
title_fullStr	Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
title_full_unstemmed	Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)
title_sort	development of an instrument to assess spirituality: reliability and validation of the attitudes related to spirituality scale (ares)
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/436705db610c41e3839a131ddf50742a
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Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)

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