Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages

ABSTRACT The plasma membrane (PM) must be overcome by viruses during entry and release. Furthermore, the PM represents the cellular communication compartment and the immune system interface. Hence, viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to remodel the PM, for instance to avoid immune sensing...

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Autores principales:	Ramona Businger, Saima Kivimäki, Stefan Simeonov, Georgios Vavouras Syrigos, Justus Pohlmann, Michael Bolz, Patrick Müller, Marius C. Codrea, Corinna Templin, Martin Messerle, Klaus Hamprecht, Tilman E. Schäffer, Sven Nahnsen, Michael Schindler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	HIV antiviral immune response human cytomegalovirus immune receptor viral immune evasion Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/436e6399423d49a39e2742cbf9e887a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:436e6399423d49a39e2742cbf9e887a52021-11-10T18:37:52ZComprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages10.1128/mBio.01770-212150-7511https://doaj.org/article/436e6399423d49a39e2742cbf9e887a52021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01770-21https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The plasma membrane (PM) must be overcome by viruses during entry and release. Furthermore, the PM represents the cellular communication compartment and the immune system interface. Hence, viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to remodel the PM, for instance to avoid immune sensing and clearance of infected cells. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cell surface dysregulation by two human-pathogenic viruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), in primary macrophages, which are classical antigen-presenting cells and orchestrators of the immune system. Scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed a loss of roughness and an overall smooth phenotype of HCMV-infected macrophages, in contrast to HIV-1 infection. This phenotype was also evident on the molecular level. When we screened for cell surface receptors modulated by HCMV, 42 of 332 receptors tested were up- or downregulated, whereas HIV-1 affected only 7 receptors. In particular CD164, CD84, and CD180 were targeted by HCMV. Mechanistically, HCMV induced transcriptional silencing of these receptors in an interferon (IFN)-independent manner, and expression was reduced not only by lab-adapted HCMV but also by clinical HCMV isolates. Altogether, our plasma membrane profiling of human macrophages provides clues to understand how viruses evade the immune system and identified novel cell surface receptors targeted by HCMV. IMPORTANCE The PM is a key component that viruses have to cope with. It is a barrier for infection and egress and is critically involved in antiviral immune signaling. We hence asked the question how two immunomodulatory viruses, HIV-1 and HCMV, dysregulate this compartment in infected macrophages, relevant in vivo targets of both viruses. We employed a contact-free microscopic technique to image the PM of infected cells and performed a phenotypic flow cytometry-based screen to identify receptor modulations on a molecular level. Our results show that HIV-1 and HCMV differentially manipulate the PM of macrophages. While HIV-1-mediated changes are relatively subtle, HCMV induces major alterations of the PM. We identify novel immune receptors manipulated by HCMV and define mechanisms of how HCMV interferes with receptor expression. Altogether, our study reveals differential strategies of how two human-pathogenic viruses manipulate infected cells and identifies potential novel pathways of HCMV immune evasion.Ramona BusingerSaima KivimäkiStefan SimeonovGeorgios Vavouras SyrigosJustus PohlmannMichael BolzPatrick MüllerMarius C. CodreaCorinna TemplinMartin MesserleKlaus HamprechtTilman E. SchäfferSven NahnsenMichael SchindlerAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleHIVantiviral immune responsehuman cytomegalovirusimmune receptorviral immune evasionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV antiviral immune response human cytomegalovirus immune receptor viral immune evasion Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	HIV antiviral immune response human cytomegalovirus immune receptor viral immune evasion Microbiology QR1-502 Ramona Businger Saima Kivimäki Stefan Simeonov Georgios Vavouras Syrigos Justus Pohlmann Michael Bolz Patrick Müller Marius C. Codrea Corinna Templin Martin Messerle Klaus Hamprecht Tilman E. Schäffer Sven Nahnsen Michael Schindler Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
description	ABSTRACT The plasma membrane (PM) must be overcome by viruses during entry and release. Furthermore, the PM represents the cellular communication compartment and the immune system interface. Hence, viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to remodel the PM, for instance to avoid immune sensing and clearance of infected cells. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cell surface dysregulation by two human-pathogenic viruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), in primary macrophages, which are classical antigen-presenting cells and orchestrators of the immune system. Scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed a loss of roughness and an overall smooth phenotype of HCMV-infected macrophages, in contrast to HIV-1 infection. This phenotype was also evident on the molecular level. When we screened for cell surface receptors modulated by HCMV, 42 of 332 receptors tested were up- or downregulated, whereas HIV-1 affected only 7 receptors. In particular CD164, CD84, and CD180 were targeted by HCMV. Mechanistically, HCMV induced transcriptional silencing of these receptors in an interferon (IFN)-independent manner, and expression was reduced not only by lab-adapted HCMV but also by clinical HCMV isolates. Altogether, our plasma membrane profiling of human macrophages provides clues to understand how viruses evade the immune system and identified novel cell surface receptors targeted by HCMV. IMPORTANCE The PM is a key component that viruses have to cope with. It is a barrier for infection and egress and is critically involved in antiviral immune signaling. We hence asked the question how two immunomodulatory viruses, HIV-1 and HCMV, dysregulate this compartment in infected macrophages, relevant in vivo targets of both viruses. We employed a contact-free microscopic technique to image the PM of infected cells and performed a phenotypic flow cytometry-based screen to identify receptor modulations on a molecular level. Our results show that HIV-1 and HCMV differentially manipulate the PM of macrophages. While HIV-1-mediated changes are relatively subtle, HCMV induces major alterations of the PM. We identify novel immune receptors manipulated by HCMV and define mechanisms of how HCMV interferes with receptor expression. Altogether, our study reveals differential strategies of how two human-pathogenic viruses manipulate infected cells and identifies potential novel pathways of HCMV immune evasion.
format	article
author	Ramona Businger Saima Kivimäki Stefan Simeonov Georgios Vavouras Syrigos Justus Pohlmann Michael Bolz Patrick Müller Marius C. Codrea Corinna Templin Martin Messerle Klaus Hamprecht Tilman E. Schäffer Sven Nahnsen Michael Schindler
author_facet	Ramona Businger Saima Kivimäki Stefan Simeonov Georgios Vavouras Syrigos Justus Pohlmann Michael Bolz Patrick Müller Marius C. Codrea Corinna Templin Martin Messerle Klaus Hamprecht Tilman E. Schäffer Sven Nahnsen Michael Schindler
author_sort	Ramona Businger
title	Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
title_short	Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
title_full	Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
title_fullStr	Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed	Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages
title_sort	comprehensive analysis of human cytomegalovirus- and hiv-mediated plasma membrane remodeling in macrophages
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/436e6399423d49a39e2742cbf9e887a5
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Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-Mediated Plasma Membrane Remodeling in Macrophages

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