Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy

Malaria is a life-threatening global epidemic disease and has caused more than 400,000 deaths in 2019. To control and prevent malaria, the development of a vaccine is a potential method. An effective malaria vaccine should either combine antigens from all stages of the malaria parasite’s life cycle,...

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Autores principales:	Qiuting Chen, Nan Wu, Yuhui Gao, Xiaojun Wang, Jie Wu, Guanghui Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	malaria vaccine alum stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant immune response M.RCAg-1 Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4372e4f28daa48d9a6372da633143ddc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4372e4f28daa48d9a6372da633143ddc2021-11-25T19:10:27ZAlum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy10.3390/vaccines91112442076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/4372e4f28daa48d9a6372da633143ddc2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1244https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XMalaria is a life-threatening global epidemic disease and has caused more than 400,000 deaths in 2019. To control and prevent malaria, the development of a vaccine is a potential method. An effective malaria vaccine should either combine antigens from all stages of the malaria parasite’s life cycle, or epitopes of multiple key antigens due to the complexity of the Plasmodium parasite. Malaria’s random constructed antigen-1 (M.RCAg-1) is one of the recombinant vaccines, which was selected from a DNA library containing thousands of diverse multi-epitope chimeric antigen genes. Moreover, besides selecting an antigen, using an adjuvant is another important procedure for most vaccine development procedures. Freund’s adjuvant is considered an effective vaccine adjuvant for malaria vaccine, but it cannot be used in clinical settings because of its serious side effects. Traditional adjuvants, such as alum adjuvant, are limited by their unsatisfactory immune effects in malaria vaccines, hence there is an urgent need to develop a novel, safe and efficient adjuvant. In recent years, Pickering emulsions have attracted increasing attention as novel adjuvant. In contrast to classical emulsions, Pickering emulsions are stabilized by solid particles instead of surfactant, having pliability and lateral mobility. In this study, we selected aluminum hydroxide gel (termed as “alum”) as a stabilizer to prepare alum-stabilized Pickering emulsions (ALPE) as a malaria vaccine adjuvant. In addition, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as an immunostimulant was incorporated into the Pickering emulsion (ALMPE) to further enhance the immune response. In vitro tests showed that, compared with alum, ALPE and ALMPE showed higher antigen load rates and could be effectively endocytosed by J774a.1 cells. In vivo studies indicated that ALMPE could induce as high antibody titers as Freund’s adjuvant. The biocompatibility study also proved ALMPE with excellent biocompatibility. These results suggest that ALMPE is a potential adjuvant for a malaria vaccine.Qiuting ChenNan WuYuhui GaoXiaojun WangJie WuGuanghui MaMDPI AGarticlemalaria vaccinealum stabilized Pickering emulsionadjuvantimmune responseM.RCAg-1MedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1244, p 1244 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria vaccine alum stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant immune response M.RCAg-1 Medicine R
spellingShingle	malaria vaccine alum stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant immune response M.RCAg-1 Medicine R Qiuting Chen Nan Wu Yuhui Gao Xiaojun Wang Jie Wu Guanghui Ma Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
description	Malaria is a life-threatening global epidemic disease and has caused more than 400,000 deaths in 2019. To control and prevent malaria, the development of a vaccine is a potential method. An effective malaria vaccine should either combine antigens from all stages of the malaria parasite’s life cycle, or epitopes of multiple key antigens due to the complexity of the Plasmodium parasite. Malaria’s random constructed antigen-1 (M.RCAg-1) is one of the recombinant vaccines, which was selected from a DNA library containing thousands of diverse multi-epitope chimeric antigen genes. Moreover, besides selecting an antigen, using an adjuvant is another important procedure for most vaccine development procedures. Freund’s adjuvant is considered an effective vaccine adjuvant for malaria vaccine, but it cannot be used in clinical settings because of its serious side effects. Traditional adjuvants, such as alum adjuvant, are limited by their unsatisfactory immune effects in malaria vaccines, hence there is an urgent need to develop a novel, safe and efficient adjuvant. In recent years, Pickering emulsions have attracted increasing attention as novel adjuvant. In contrast to classical emulsions, Pickering emulsions are stabilized by solid particles instead of surfactant, having pliability and lateral mobility. In this study, we selected aluminum hydroxide gel (termed as “alum”) as a stabilizer to prepare alum-stabilized Pickering emulsions (ALPE) as a malaria vaccine adjuvant. In addition, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as an immunostimulant was incorporated into the Pickering emulsion (ALMPE) to further enhance the immune response. In vitro tests showed that, compared with alum, ALPE and ALMPE showed higher antigen load rates and could be effectively endocytosed by J774a.1 cells. In vivo studies indicated that ALMPE could induce as high antibody titers as Freund’s adjuvant. The biocompatibility study also proved ALMPE with excellent biocompatibility. These results suggest that ALMPE is a potential adjuvant for a malaria vaccine.
format	article
author	Qiuting Chen Nan Wu Yuhui Gao Xiaojun Wang Jie Wu Guanghui Ma
author_facet	Qiuting Chen Nan Wu Yuhui Gao Xiaojun Wang Jie Wu Guanghui Ma
author_sort	Qiuting Chen
title	Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
title_short	Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
title_full	Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
title_fullStr	Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
title_full_unstemmed	Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy
title_sort	alum pickering emulsion as effective adjuvant to improve malaria vaccine efficacy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4372e4f28daa48d9a6372da633143ddc
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Alum Pickering Emulsion as Effective Adjuvant to Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy

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