Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.

The ability to navigate "cocktail party" situations by focusing on sounds of interest over irrelevant, background sounds is often considered in terms of cortical mechanisms. However, subcortical circuits such as the pathway underlying the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex modulate the acti...

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Autores principales:	Heivet Hernández-Pérez, Jason Mikiel-Hunter, David McAlpine, Sumitrajit Dhar, Sriram Boothalingam, Jessica J M Monaghan, Catherine M McMahon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4391718113a7429383f69447f6fbf862
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4391718113a7429383f69447f6fbf8622021-12-02T19:54:18ZUnderstanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.3001439https://doaj.org/article/4391718113a7429383f69447f6fbf8622021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001439https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The ability to navigate "cocktail party" situations by focusing on sounds of interest over irrelevant, background sounds is often considered in terms of cortical mechanisms. However, subcortical circuits such as the pathway underlying the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex modulate the activity of the inner ear itself, supporting the extraction of salient features from auditory scene prior to any cortical processing. To understand the contribution of auditory subcortical nuclei and the cochlea in complex listening tasks, we made physiological recordings along the auditory pathway while listeners engaged in detecting non(sense) words in lists of words. Both naturally spoken and intrinsically noisy, vocoded speech-filtering that mimics processing by a cochlear implant (CI)-significantly activated the MOC reflex, but this was not the case for speech in background noise, which more engaged midbrain and cortical resources. A model of the initial stages of auditory processing reproduced specific effects of each form of speech degradation, providing a rationale for goal-directed gating of the MOC reflex based on enhancing the representation of the energy envelope of the acoustic waveform. Our data reveal the coexistence of 2 strategies in the auditory system that may facilitate speech understanding in situations where the signal is either intrinsically degraded or masked by extrinsic acoustic energy. Whereas intrinsically degraded streams recruit the MOC reflex to improve representation of speech cues peripherally, extrinsically masked streams rely more on higher auditory centres to denoise signals.Heivet Hernández-PérezJason Mikiel-HunterDavid McAlpineSumitrajit DharSriram BoothalingamJessica J M MonaghanCatherine M McMahonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 10, p e3001439 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Heivet Hernández-Pérez Jason Mikiel-Hunter David McAlpine Sumitrajit Dhar Sriram Boothalingam Jessica J M Monaghan Catherine M McMahon Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
description	The ability to navigate "cocktail party" situations by focusing on sounds of interest over irrelevant, background sounds is often considered in terms of cortical mechanisms. However, subcortical circuits such as the pathway underlying the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex modulate the activity of the inner ear itself, supporting the extraction of salient features from auditory scene prior to any cortical processing. To understand the contribution of auditory subcortical nuclei and the cochlea in complex listening tasks, we made physiological recordings along the auditory pathway while listeners engaged in detecting non(sense) words in lists of words. Both naturally spoken and intrinsically noisy, vocoded speech-filtering that mimics processing by a cochlear implant (CI)-significantly activated the MOC reflex, but this was not the case for speech in background noise, which more engaged midbrain and cortical resources. A model of the initial stages of auditory processing reproduced specific effects of each form of speech degradation, providing a rationale for goal-directed gating of the MOC reflex based on enhancing the representation of the energy envelope of the acoustic waveform. Our data reveal the coexistence of 2 strategies in the auditory system that may facilitate speech understanding in situations where the signal is either intrinsically degraded or masked by extrinsic acoustic energy. Whereas intrinsically degraded streams recruit the MOC reflex to improve representation of speech cues peripherally, extrinsically masked streams rely more on higher auditory centres to denoise signals.
format	article
author	Heivet Hernández-Pérez Jason Mikiel-Hunter David McAlpine Sumitrajit Dhar Sriram Boothalingam Jessica J M Monaghan Catherine M McMahon
author_facet	Heivet Hernández-Pérez Jason Mikiel-Hunter David McAlpine Sumitrajit Dhar Sriram Boothalingam Jessica J M Monaghan Catherine M McMahon
author_sort	Heivet Hernández-Pérez
title	Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
title_short	Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
title_full	Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
title_fullStr	Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
title_sort	understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4391718113a7429383f69447f6fbf862
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Understanding degraded speech leads to perceptual gating of a brainstem reflex in human listeners.

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