The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks

Abstract The Pawnee M5.8 earthquake is the largest event in Oklahoma instrument recorded history. It occurred near the edge of active seismic zones, similar to other M5+ earthquakes since 2011. It ruptured a previously unmapped fault and triggered aftershocks along a complex conjugate fault system....

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Autores principales:	Xiaowei Chen, Nori Nakata, Colin Pennington, Jackson Haffener, Jefferson C. Chang, Xiaohui He, Zhongwen Zhan, Sidao Ni, Jacob I. Walter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43a52922a6ce45f1813de86bfbe8ef84
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43a52922a6ce45f1813de86bfbe8ef842021-12-02T16:05:59ZThe Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks10.1038/s41598-017-04992-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/43a52922a6ce45f1813de86bfbe8ef842017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04992-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Pawnee M5.8 earthquake is the largest event in Oklahoma instrument recorded history. It occurred near the edge of active seismic zones, similar to other M5+ earthquakes since 2011. It ruptured a previously unmapped fault and triggered aftershocks along a complex conjugate fault system. With a high-resolution earthquake catalog, we observe propagating foreshocks leading to the mainshock within 0.5 km distance, suggesting existence of precursory aseismic slip. At approximately 100 days before the mainshock, two M ≥ 3.5 earthquakes occurred along a mapped fault that is conjugate to the mainshock fault. At about 40 days before, two earthquakes clusters started, with one M3 earthquake occurred two days before the mainshock. The three M ≥ 3 foreshocks all produced positive Coulomb stress at the mainshock hypocenter. These foreshock activities within the conjugate fault system are near-instantaneously responding to variations in injection rates at 95% confidence. The short time delay between injection and seismicity differs from both the hypothetical expected time scale of diffusion process and the long time delay observed in this region prior to 2016, suggesting a possible role of elastic stress transfer and critical stress state of the fault. Our results suggest that the Pawnee earthquake is a result of interplay among injection, tectonic faults, and foreshocks.Xiaowei ChenNori NakataColin PenningtonJackson HaffenerJefferson C. ChangXiaohui HeZhongwen ZhanSidao NiJacob I. WalterNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiaowei Chen Nori Nakata Colin Pennington Jackson Haffener Jefferson C. Chang Xiaohui He Zhongwen Zhan Sidao Ni Jacob I. Walter The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
description	Abstract The Pawnee M5.8 earthquake is the largest event in Oklahoma instrument recorded history. It occurred near the edge of active seismic zones, similar to other M5+ earthquakes since 2011. It ruptured a previously unmapped fault and triggered aftershocks along a complex conjugate fault system. With a high-resolution earthquake catalog, we observe propagating foreshocks leading to the mainshock within 0.5 km distance, suggesting existence of precursory aseismic slip. At approximately 100 days before the mainshock, two M ≥ 3.5 earthquakes occurred along a mapped fault that is conjugate to the mainshock fault. At about 40 days before, two earthquakes clusters started, with one M3 earthquake occurred two days before the mainshock. The three M ≥ 3 foreshocks all produced positive Coulomb stress at the mainshock hypocenter. These foreshock activities within the conjugate fault system are near-instantaneously responding to variations in injection rates at 95% confidence. The short time delay between injection and seismicity differs from both the hypothetical expected time scale of diffusion process and the long time delay observed in this region prior to 2016, suggesting a possible role of elastic stress transfer and critical stress state of the fault. Our results suggest that the Pawnee earthquake is a result of interplay among injection, tectonic faults, and foreshocks.
format	article
author	Xiaowei Chen Nori Nakata Colin Pennington Jackson Haffener Jefferson C. Chang Xiaohui He Zhongwen Zhan Sidao Ni Jacob I. Walter
author_facet	Xiaowei Chen Nori Nakata Colin Pennington Jackson Haffener Jefferson C. Chang Xiaohui He Zhongwen Zhan Sidao Ni Jacob I. Walter
author_sort	Xiaowei Chen
title	The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
title_short	The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
title_full	The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
title_fullStr	The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
title_full_unstemmed	The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
title_sort	pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/43a52922a6ce45f1813de86bfbe8ef84
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The Pawnee earthquake as a result of the interplay among injection, faults and foreshocks

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