Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.

<h4>Background</h4>Life expectancy is increasing in most high-income countries, but gains in life years are maximized if spent in good health and if cognitive abilities are maintained until old age. Age-related decline of cognitive abilities does nevertheless occur, but the pace of decli...

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Autores principales:	Julia Grasshoff, Johannes Beller, Beatrice G Kuhlmann, Siegfried Geyer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43ad5207459446b48b70d68eb4c73db2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43ad5207459446b48b70d68eb4c73db22021-12-02T20:09:45ZIncreasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254038https://doaj.org/article/43ad5207459446b48b70d68eb4c73db22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254038https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Life expectancy is increasing in most high-income countries, but gains in life years are maximized if spent in good health and if cognitive abilities are maintained until old age. Age-related decline of cognitive abilities does nevertheless occur, but the pace of decline is decisive. This was the starting point for our study that aims to examine cohort effects of cognitive aging in women and men in Germany, Spain and Sweden by analyzing changes from 2004 to 2013 by estimating cohort effects within age groups starting from the age of 50 years.<h4>Methods</h4>A cohort study was conducted that was based on data of the surveys 2004 (N = 6,081) and 2013 (N = 8,650) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analyses were based on data of female and male respondents aged 50 years and older. Age-specific means of verbal fluency and delayed recall from the German, Spanish and Swedish samples were the cognitive domains considered in the study.<h4>Results</h4>In both domains of cognitive ability the achievements in the later surveys were higher than in the earlier ones. This was found in all countries, abut achievement levels increased markedly in the German and the Spanish samples, while the scores of the Swedish samples were not significantly different. While the highest scores were found for Sweden, Germany ranked in the middle and the lowest scores were found in the Spanish samples. Over time, the scores of the German samples approached those of Sweden.<h4>Conclusions</h4>From the first to the second survey, improvements of older adults' cognitive abilities were found for all countries considered. This may indicate improvements of the underlying educational systems, but also increasingly stimulating general living conditions.Julia GrasshoffJohannes BellerBeatrice G KuhlmannSiegfried GeyerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254038 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julia Grasshoff Johannes Beller Beatrice G Kuhlmann Siegfried Geyer Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Life expectancy is increasing in most high-income countries, but gains in life years are maximized if spent in good health and if cognitive abilities are maintained until old age. Age-related decline of cognitive abilities does nevertheless occur, but the pace of decline is decisive. This was the starting point for our study that aims to examine cohort effects of cognitive aging in women and men in Germany, Spain and Sweden by analyzing changes from 2004 to 2013 by estimating cohort effects within age groups starting from the age of 50 years.<h4>Methods</h4>A cohort study was conducted that was based on data of the surveys 2004 (N = 6,081) and 2013 (N = 8,650) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analyses were based on data of female and male respondents aged 50 years and older. Age-specific means of verbal fluency and delayed recall from the German, Spanish and Swedish samples were the cognitive domains considered in the study.<h4>Results</h4>In both domains of cognitive ability the achievements in the later surveys were higher than in the earlier ones. This was found in all countries, abut achievement levels increased markedly in the German and the Spanish samples, while the scores of the Swedish samples were not significantly different. While the highest scores were found for Sweden, Germany ranked in the middle and the lowest scores were found in the Spanish samples. Over time, the scores of the German samples approached those of Sweden.<h4>Conclusions</h4>From the first to the second survey, improvements of older adults' cognitive abilities were found for all countries considered. This may indicate improvements of the underlying educational systems, but also increasingly stimulating general living conditions.
format	article
author	Julia Grasshoff Johannes Beller Beatrice G Kuhlmann Siegfried Geyer
author_facet	Julia Grasshoff Johannes Beller Beatrice G Kuhlmann Siegfried Geyer
author_sort	Julia Grasshoff
title	Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
title_short	Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
title_full	Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
title_fullStr	Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
title_full_unstemmed	Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.
title_sort	increasingly capable at the ripe old age? cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in germany, spain, and sweden.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/43ad5207459446b48b70d68eb4c73db2
work_keys_str_mv	AT juliagrasshoff increasinglycapableattheripeoldagecognitiveabilitiesfrom2004to2013ingermanyspainandsweden AT johannesbeller increasinglycapableattheripeoldagecognitiveabilitiesfrom2004to2013ingermanyspainandsweden AT beatricegkuhlmann increasinglycapableattheripeoldagecognitiveabilitiesfrom2004to2013ingermanyspainandsweden AT siegfriedgeyer increasinglycapableattheripeoldagecognitiveabilitiesfrom2004to2013ingermanyspainandsweden
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Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden.

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