Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species

Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in...

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Autores principales:	Gaetana Napolitano, Gianluca Fasciolo, Paola Venditti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oxygen consumption OxPhos ROS generation ROS removal enzymatic antioxidants low-molecular-weight antioxidants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43c3216e143746ec9df53a91e4a127af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43c3216e143746ec9df53a91e4a127af2021-11-25T16:29:11ZMitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species10.3390/antiox101118242076-3921https://doaj.org/article/43c3216e143746ec9df53a91e4a127af2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1824https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in removing various types of ROS or repairing the oxidative damage of biological molecules. Under normal conditions, ROS production is low, and mitochondria, which are their primary target, are slightly damaged in a similar way to other cellular compartments, since the ROS released by the mitochondria into the cytosol are negligible. As the mitochondrial generation of ROS increases, they can deactivate components of the respiratory chain and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, and mitochondria release a high amount of ROS that damage cellular structures. More recently, the feature of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which does not specifically deal with intramitochondrial ROS, was discovered. Indeed, the mitochondrial antioxidant system detoxifies exogenous ROS species at the expense of reducing the equivalents generated in mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria are also a sink of ROS. These observations highlight the importance of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which should be considered in our understanding of ROS-regulated processes. These processes include cell signaling and the progression of metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.Gaetana NapolitanoGianluca FascioloPaola VendittiMDPI AGarticleoxygen consumptionOxPhosROS generationROS removalenzymatic antioxidantslow-molecular-weight antioxidantsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1824, p 1824 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oxygen consumption OxPhos ROS generation ROS removal enzymatic antioxidants low-molecular-weight antioxidants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	oxygen consumption OxPhos ROS generation ROS removal enzymatic antioxidants low-molecular-weight antioxidants Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Gaetana Napolitano Gianluca Fasciolo Paola Venditti Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
description	Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in removing various types of ROS or repairing the oxidative damage of biological molecules. Under normal conditions, ROS production is low, and mitochondria, which are their primary target, are slightly damaged in a similar way to other cellular compartments, since the ROS released by the mitochondria into the cytosol are negligible. As the mitochondrial generation of ROS increases, they can deactivate components of the respiratory chain and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, and mitochondria release a high amount of ROS that damage cellular structures. More recently, the feature of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which does not specifically deal with intramitochondrial ROS, was discovered. Indeed, the mitochondrial antioxidant system detoxifies exogenous ROS species at the expense of reducing the equivalents generated in mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria are also a sink of ROS. These observations highlight the importance of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which should be considered in our understanding of ROS-regulated processes. These processes include cell signaling and the progression of metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.
format	article
author	Gaetana Napolitano Gianluca Fasciolo Paola Venditti
author_facet	Gaetana Napolitano Gianluca Fasciolo Paola Venditti
author_sort	Gaetana Napolitano
title	Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
title_short	Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
title_full	Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
title_fullStr	Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
title_full_unstemmed	Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species
title_sort	mitochondrial management of reactive oxygen species
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/43c3216e143746ec9df53a91e4a127af
work_keys_str_mv	AT gaetananapolitano mitochondrialmanagementofreactiveoxygenspecies AT gianlucafasciolo mitochondrialmanagementofreactiveoxygenspecies AT paolavenditti mitochondrialmanagementofreactiveoxygenspecies
_version_	1718413132943065088

Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species

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