Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.

<h4>Background</h4>Several teleost species have evolved anterior extensions of the swim bladder which come close to or directly contact the inner ears. A few comparative studies have shown that these morphological specializations may enhance hearing abilities. This study investigates the...

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Autores principales:	Tanja Schulz-Mirbach, Brian Metscher, Friedrich Ladich
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43cf743fb2ef4c04b716d854c1f93f8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43cf743fb2ef4c04b716d854c1f93f8d2021-11-18T07:09:27ZRelationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0042292https://doaj.org/article/43cf743fb2ef4c04b716d854c1f93f8d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22879934/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Several teleost species have evolved anterior extensions of the swim bladder which come close to or directly contact the inner ears. A few comparative studies have shown that these morphological specializations may enhance hearing abilities. This study investigates the diversity of swim bladder morphology in four Asian and African cichlid species and analyzes how this diversity affects their hearing sensitivity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We studied swim bladder morphology by dissections and by making 3D reconstructions from high-resolution microCT scans. The auditory sensitivity was determined in terms of sound pressure levels (SPL) and particle acceleration levels (PAL) using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. The swim bladders in Hemichromis guttatus and Steatocranus tinanti lacked anterior extensions and the swim bladder was considerably small in the latter species. In contrast, Paratilapia polleni and especially Etroplus maculatus possessed anterior extensions bringing the swim bladder close to the inner ears. All species were able to detect frequencies up to 3 kHz (SPL) except S. tinanti which only responded to frequencies up to 0.7 kHz. P. polleni and E. maculatus showed significantly higher auditory sensitivities at 0.5 and 1 kHz than the two species lacking anterior swim bladder extensions. The highest auditory sensitivities were found in E. maculatus, which possessed the most intimate swim bladder-inner ear relationship (maximum sensitivity 66 dB re 1 µPa at 0.5 kHz).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results indicate that anterior swim bladder extensions seem to improve mean absolute auditory sensitivities by 21-42 dB (SPLs) and 21-36 dB (PALs) between 0.5 and 1 kHz. Besides anterior extensions, the size of the swim bladder appears to be an important factor for extending the detectable frequency range (up to 3 kHz).Tanja Schulz-MirbachBrian MetscherFriedrich LadichPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e42292 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tanja Schulz-Mirbach Brian Metscher Friedrich Ladich Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Several teleost species have evolved anterior extensions of the swim bladder which come close to or directly contact the inner ears. A few comparative studies have shown that these morphological specializations may enhance hearing abilities. This study investigates the diversity of swim bladder morphology in four Asian and African cichlid species and analyzes how this diversity affects their hearing sensitivity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We studied swim bladder morphology by dissections and by making 3D reconstructions from high-resolution microCT scans. The auditory sensitivity was determined in terms of sound pressure levels (SPL) and particle acceleration levels (PAL) using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. The swim bladders in Hemichromis guttatus and Steatocranus tinanti lacked anterior extensions and the swim bladder was considerably small in the latter species. In contrast, Paratilapia polleni and especially Etroplus maculatus possessed anterior extensions bringing the swim bladder close to the inner ears. All species were able to detect frequencies up to 3 kHz (SPL) except S. tinanti which only responded to frequencies up to 0.7 kHz. P. polleni and E. maculatus showed significantly higher auditory sensitivities at 0.5 and 1 kHz than the two species lacking anterior swim bladder extensions. The highest auditory sensitivities were found in E. maculatus, which possessed the most intimate swim bladder-inner ear relationship (maximum sensitivity 66 dB re 1 µPa at 0.5 kHz).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results indicate that anterior swim bladder extensions seem to improve mean absolute auditory sensitivities by 21-42 dB (SPLs) and 21-36 dB (PALs) between 0.5 and 1 kHz. Besides anterior extensions, the size of the swim bladder appears to be an important factor for extending the detectable frequency range (up to 3 kHz).
format	article
author	Tanja Schulz-Mirbach Brian Metscher Friedrich Ladich
author_facet	Tanja Schulz-Mirbach Brian Metscher Friedrich Ladich
author_sort	Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
title	Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
title_short	Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
title_full	Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
title_fullStr	Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.
title_sort	relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on asian and african cichlids.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/43cf743fb2ef4c04b716d854c1f93f8d
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Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids.

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