<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and production of mycotoxins makes it a major threat in most wheat-producing areas worldwide. This study aimed to identify the impact of epidemic FHB conditions (usage of artificial <i>Fusarium</i> inoculation) on mycotoxin leve...

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Autores principales:	Katarina Sunic, Tihomir Kovac, Ante Loncaric, Jurislav Babic, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Georg Drezner, Valentina Spanic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Fusarium culmorum</i> <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mycotoxins wheat LC/MS-MS Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43dd9f30707e429e8012856143795f47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43dd9f30707e429e8012856143795f472021-11-25T16:08:05Z<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat10.3390/agronomy111122392073-4395https://doaj.org/article/43dd9f30707e429e8012856143795f472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2239https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and production of mycotoxins makes it a major threat in most wheat-producing areas worldwide. This study aimed to identify the impact of epidemic FHB conditions (usage of artificial <i>Fusarium</i> inoculation) on mycotoxin levels in unprocessed wheat. <i>Fusarium</i> levels were monitored at two locations in two treatments (natural infection and inoculation with <i>Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum</i>) where 13 mycotoxins were evaluated by LC/MS-MS in six winter wheat varieties. Due to favorable conditions for infection with <i>Fusarium</i> fungi during the flowering period at location Tovarnik, wheat varieties had higher disease severity and increased mycotoxin accumulation, compared to Osijek. The most abundant mycotoxins in treatment with inoculation with <i>Fusarium</i> fungi were deoxynivalenol (DON), culmorin (CUL) and hydroxyculmorins. In treatment with natural infection, DON did not exceed maximum limits set by EU. Varieties with lower initial resistance accumulated DON even in naturally infected samples at Tovarnik. These results highlighted the impact of environment variation in the production of <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins where FHB initial resistance had a higher impact on the accumulation of mycotoxins than general resistance. Furthermore, wheat samples with higher DON concentration also contained elevated levels of CUL and hydroxyculmorins, showing that CUL can have a possible role in <i>Fusarium</i> virulence. The FHB evaluations provide important information about the genetic resistance of wheat varieties, as well as risk assessment considering mycotoxin accumulation in epidemic conditions.Katarina SunicTihomir KovacAnte LoncaricJurislav BabicMichael SulyokRudolf KrskaGeorg DreznerValentina SpanicMDPI AGarticle<i>Fusarium culmorum</i><i>Fusarium graminearum</i>mycotoxinswheatLC/MS-MSAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2239, p 2239 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Fusarium culmorum</i> <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mycotoxins wheat LC/MS-MS Agriculture S
spellingShingle	<i>Fusarium culmorum</i> <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mycotoxins wheat LC/MS-MS Agriculture S Katarina Sunic Tihomir Kovac Ante Loncaric Jurislav Babic Michael Sulyok Rudolf Krska Georg Drezner Valentina Spanic <i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
description	Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and production of mycotoxins makes it a major threat in most wheat-producing areas worldwide. This study aimed to identify the impact of epidemic FHB conditions (usage of artificial <i>Fusarium</i> inoculation) on mycotoxin levels in unprocessed wheat. <i>Fusarium</i> levels were monitored at two locations in two treatments (natural infection and inoculation with <i>Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum</i>) where 13 mycotoxins were evaluated by LC/MS-MS in six winter wheat varieties. Due to favorable conditions for infection with <i>Fusarium</i> fungi during the flowering period at location Tovarnik, wheat varieties had higher disease severity and increased mycotoxin accumulation, compared to Osijek. The most abundant mycotoxins in treatment with inoculation with <i>Fusarium</i> fungi were deoxynivalenol (DON), culmorin (CUL) and hydroxyculmorins. In treatment with natural infection, DON did not exceed maximum limits set by EU. Varieties with lower initial resistance accumulated DON even in naturally infected samples at Tovarnik. These results highlighted the impact of environment variation in the production of <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins where FHB initial resistance had a higher impact on the accumulation of mycotoxins than general resistance. Furthermore, wheat samples with higher DON concentration also contained elevated levels of CUL and hydroxyculmorins, showing that CUL can have a possible role in <i>Fusarium</i> virulence. The FHB evaluations provide important information about the genetic resistance of wheat varieties, as well as risk assessment considering mycotoxin accumulation in epidemic conditions.
format	article
author	Katarina Sunic Tihomir Kovac Ante Loncaric Jurislav Babic Michael Sulyok Rudolf Krska Georg Drezner Valentina Spanic
author_facet	Katarina Sunic Tihomir Kovac Ante Loncaric Jurislav Babic Michael Sulyok Rudolf Krska Georg Drezner Valentina Spanic
author_sort	Katarina Sunic
title	<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
title_short	<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
title_full	<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
title_fullStr	<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
title_sort	<i>fusarium</i> secondary metabolite content in naturally produced and artificially provoked fhb pressure in winter wheat
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/43dd9f30707e429e8012856143795f47
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<i>Fusarium</i> Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat

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