<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity

ABSTRACT The appressoria that are generated by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in response to surface cues are important for successful colonization. Previous work showed that regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins play critical roles in appressorium formation. Howeve...

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Autores principales:	Ying Li, Xinyu Liu, Muxing Liu, Yang Wang, Yibin Zou, Yimei You, Lina Yang, Jiexiong Hu, Haifeng Zhang, Xiaobo Zheng, Ping Wang, Zhengguang Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Magnaporthe oryzae auxiliary activity protein appressorium virulence chitin binding Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/43df5ed910534140902450be1501b4c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:43df5ed910534140902450be1501b4c82021-11-15T15:57:02Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity10.1128/mBio.03304-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/43df5ed910534140902450be1501b4c82020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.03304-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The appressoria that are generated by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in response to surface cues are important for successful colonization. Previous work showed that regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins play critical roles in appressorium formation. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins orchestrate surface recognition for appressorium induction remain unclear. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomic studies of ΔMorgs mutant and wild-type strains and found that M. oryzae Aa91 (MoAa91), a homolog of the auxiliary activity family 9 protein (Aa9), was required for surface recognition of M. oryzae. We found that MoAA91 was regulated by the MoMsn2 transcription factor and that its disruption resulted in defects in both appressorium formation on the artificial inductive surface and full virulence of the pathogen. We further showed that MoAa91 was secreted into the apoplast space and was capable of competing with the immune receptor chitin elicitor-binding protein precursor (CEBiP) for chitin binding, thereby suppressing chitin-induced plant immune responses. In summary, we have found that MoAa91 is a novel signaling molecule regulated by RGS and RGS-like proteins and that MoAa91 not only governs appressorium development and virulence but also functions as an effector to suppress host immunity. IMPORTANCE The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae generates infection structure appressoria in response to surface cues largely due to functions of signaling molecules, including G-proteins, regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, cAMP signaling, and TOR signaling pathways. M. oryzae encodes eight RGS and RGS-like proteins (MoRgs1 to MoRgs8), and MoRgs1, MoRgs3, MoRgs4, and MoRgs7 were found to be particularly important in appressorium development. To explore the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate appressorium development, we have performed a comparative in planta transcriptomic study and identified an auxiliary activity family 9 protein (Aa9) homolog that we named MoAa91. We showed that MoAa91 was secreted from appressoria and that the recombinant MoAa91 could compete with a chitin elicitor-binding protein precursor (CEBiP) for chitin binding, thereby suppressing chitin-induced plant immunity. By identifying MoAa91 as a novel signaling molecule functioning in appressorium development and an effector in suppressing host immunity, our studies revealed a novel mechanism by which RGS and RGS-like proteins regulate pathogen-host interactions.Ying LiXinyu LiuMuxing LiuYang WangYibin ZouYimei YouLina YangJiexiong HuHaifeng ZhangXiaobo ZhengPing WangZhengguang ZhangAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMagnaporthe oryzaeauxiliary activity proteinappressoriumvirulencechitin bindingMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Magnaporthe oryzae auxiliary activity protein appressorium virulence chitin binding Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Magnaporthe oryzae auxiliary activity protein appressorium virulence chitin binding Microbiology QR1-502 Ying Li Xinyu Liu Muxing Liu Yang Wang Yibin Zou Yimei You Lina Yang Jiexiong Hu Haifeng Zhang Xiaobo Zheng Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang <named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
description	ABSTRACT The appressoria that are generated by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in response to surface cues are important for successful colonization. Previous work showed that regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins play critical roles in appressorium formation. However, the mechanisms by which these proteins orchestrate surface recognition for appressorium induction remain unclear. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomic studies of ΔMorgs mutant and wild-type strains and found that M. oryzae Aa91 (MoAa91), a homolog of the auxiliary activity family 9 protein (Aa9), was required for surface recognition of M. oryzae. We found that MoAA91 was regulated by the MoMsn2 transcription factor and that its disruption resulted in defects in both appressorium formation on the artificial inductive surface and full virulence of the pathogen. We further showed that MoAa91 was secreted into the apoplast space and was capable of competing with the immune receptor chitin elicitor-binding protein precursor (CEBiP) for chitin binding, thereby suppressing chitin-induced plant immune responses. In summary, we have found that MoAa91 is a novel signaling molecule regulated by RGS and RGS-like proteins and that MoAa91 not only governs appressorium development and virulence but also functions as an effector to suppress host immunity. IMPORTANCE The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae generates infection structure appressoria in response to surface cues largely due to functions of signaling molecules, including G-proteins, regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, cAMP signaling, and TOR signaling pathways. M. oryzae encodes eight RGS and RGS-like proteins (MoRgs1 to MoRgs8), and MoRgs1, MoRgs3, MoRgs4, and MoRgs7 were found to be particularly important in appressorium development. To explore the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate appressorium development, we have performed a comparative in planta transcriptomic study and identified an auxiliary activity family 9 protein (Aa9) homolog that we named MoAa91. We showed that MoAa91 was secreted from appressoria and that the recombinant MoAa91 could compete with a chitin elicitor-binding protein precursor (CEBiP) for chitin binding, thereby suppressing chitin-induced plant immunity. By identifying MoAa91 as a novel signaling molecule functioning in appressorium development and an effector in suppressing host immunity, our studies revealed a novel mechanism by which RGS and RGS-like proteins regulate pathogen-host interactions.
format	article
author	Ying Li Xinyu Liu Muxing Liu Yang Wang Yibin Zou Yimei You Lina Yang Jiexiong Hu Haifeng Zhang Xiaobo Zheng Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang
author_facet	Ying Li Xinyu Liu Muxing Liu Yang Wang Yibin Zou Yimei You Lina Yang Jiexiong Hu Haifeng Zhang Xiaobo Zheng Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang
author_sort	Ying Li
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> auxiliary activity protein moaa91 functions as chitin-binding protein to induce appressorium formation on artificial inductive surfaces and suppress plant immunity
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/43df5ed910534140902450be1501b4c8
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Magnaporthe oryzae</named-content> Auxiliary Activity Protein MoAa91 Functions as Chitin-Binding Protein To Induce Appressorium Formation on Artificial Inductive Surfaces and Suppress Plant Immunity

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