Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule

ABSTRACT The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria poses a barrier to antibiotic entry due to its high impermeability. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the function and biogenesis of the OM. In Enterobacterales, an order of bacteria with many pathogenic members, one of the components o...

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Autores principales:	Ashutosh K. Rai, Angela M. Mitchell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	O-antigen cross-reactivity enterobacterial common antigen outer membrane surface antigens Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4401524eec57486abdb363f1d348479a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4401524eec57486abdb363f1d348479a2021-11-15T15:56:45ZEnterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule10.1128/mBio.01914-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/4401524eec57486abdb363f1d348479a2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01914-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria poses a barrier to antibiotic entry due to its high impermeability. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the function and biogenesis of the OM. In Enterobacterales, an order of bacteria with many pathogenic members, one of the components of the OM is enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). We have known of the presence of ECA on the cell surface of Enterobacterales for many years, but its properties have only more recently begun to be unraveled. ECA is a carbohydrate antigen built of repeating units of three amino sugars, the structure of which is conserved throughout Enterobacterales. There are three forms of ECA, two of which (ECAPG and ECALPS) are located on the cell surface, while one (ECACYC) is located in the periplasm. Awareness of the importance of ECA has increased due to studies of its function that show it plays a vital role in bacterial physiology and interaction with the environment. Here, we review the discovery of ECA, the pathways for the biosynthesis of ECA, and the interactions of its various forms. In addition, we consider the role of ECA in the host immune response, as well as its potential roles in host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, we explore recent work that offers insights into the cellular function of ECA. This review provides a glimpse of the biological significance of this enigmatic molecule.Ashutosh K. RaiAngela M. MitchellAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleO-antigencross-reactivityenterobacterial common antigenouter membranesurface antigensMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	O-antigen cross-reactivity enterobacterial common antigen outer membrane surface antigens Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	O-antigen cross-reactivity enterobacterial common antigen outer membrane surface antigens Microbiology QR1-502 Ashutosh K. Rai Angela M. Mitchell Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
description	ABSTRACT The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria poses a barrier to antibiotic entry due to its high impermeability. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the function and biogenesis of the OM. In Enterobacterales, an order of bacteria with many pathogenic members, one of the components of the OM is enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). We have known of the presence of ECA on the cell surface of Enterobacterales for many years, but its properties have only more recently begun to be unraveled. ECA is a carbohydrate antigen built of repeating units of three amino sugars, the structure of which is conserved throughout Enterobacterales. There are three forms of ECA, two of which (ECAPG and ECALPS) are located on the cell surface, while one (ECACYC) is located in the periplasm. Awareness of the importance of ECA has increased due to studies of its function that show it plays a vital role in bacterial physiology and interaction with the environment. Here, we review the discovery of ECA, the pathways for the biosynthesis of ECA, and the interactions of its various forms. In addition, we consider the role of ECA in the host immune response, as well as its potential roles in host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, we explore recent work that offers insights into the cellular function of ECA. This review provides a glimpse of the biological significance of this enigmatic molecule.
format	article
author	Ashutosh K. Rai Angela M. Mitchell
author_facet	Ashutosh K. Rai Angela M. Mitchell
author_sort	Ashutosh K. Rai
title	Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
title_short	Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
title_full	Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
title_fullStr	Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
title_full_unstemmed	Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule
title_sort	enterobacterial common antigen: synthesis and function of an enigmatic molecule
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/4401524eec57486abdb363f1d348479a
work_keys_str_mv	AT ashutoshkrai enterobacterialcommonantigensynthesisandfunctionofanenigmaticmolecule AT angelammitchell enterobacterialcommonantigensynthesisandfunctionofanenigmaticmolecule
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Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule

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