A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

Background: Knowledge on the settings and activities associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential to inform decision-making. We thus designed a case-control study to identify relevant settings for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR...

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Autores principales: Andreia Leite, Teresa Leão, Patrícia Soares, Milton Severo, Marta Moniz, Raquel Lucas, Pedro Aguiar, Paula Meireles, Nuno Lunet, Carla Nunes, Henrique Barros
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
risk factors
transmission
case-control studies
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/440fe7a23c3341c7994fdb06e94a2f5d
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:440fe7a23c3341c7994fdb06e94a2f5d2021-11-04T05:44:42ZA Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.772782https://doaj.org/article/440fe7a23c3341c7994fdb06e94a2f5d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.772782/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565Background: Knowledge on the settings and activities associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential to inform decision-making. We thus designed a case-control study to identify relevant settings for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Portugal.Methods: We evaluated 1,088 cases, identified through the national surveillance system, and 787 community controls, recruited using random digit dialing. Sociodemographic characteristics, individual protective measures, and activities or visited settings were obtained through telephone interview. We report sex-, age-, education-, and citizenship-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Household overcrowding (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.91) and work in senior care (4.99; 1.30–33.08) increased while working remotely decreased the risk of infection (0.30; 0.22–0.42). Going to restaurants/other dining spaces (0.73; 0.59–0.91), grocery stores (0.44; 0.34–0.57) or hair salons (0.51; 0.39–0.66), or the use of public transportation did not present a higher risk of infection (0.98; 0.75–1.29), under existing mitigation strategies. Lower education ( ≤ 4 years vs. tertiary education: 1.79; 1.33–2.42) and no Portuguese citizenship (5.47; 3.43–9.22) were important risk factors.Conclusions: The utilization of public transportation, restaurants, and commercial spaces was not associated with increased risk of infection, under capacity restrictions, physical distancing, use of masks, and hygiene measures. Overcrowding, foreign citizenship, low education and working on-site were positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Andreia LeiteAndreia LeiteTeresa LeãoTeresa LeãoPatrícia SoaresPatrícia SoaresMilton SeveroMilton SeveroMarta MonizMarta MonizRaquel LucasPedro AguiarPedro AguiarPaula MeirelesNuno LunetNuno LunetCarla NunesCarla NunesHenrique BarrosHenrique BarrosFrontiers Media S.A.articleSARS-CoV-2COVID-19risk factorstransmissioncase-control studiesPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
risk factors
transmission
case-control studies
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
spellingShingle SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
risk factors
transmission
case-control studies
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Andreia Leite
Andreia Leite
Teresa Leão
Teresa Leão
Patrícia Soares
Patrícia Soares
Milton Severo
Milton Severo
Marta Moniz
Marta Moniz
Raquel Lucas
Pedro Aguiar
Pedro Aguiar
Paula Meireles
Nuno Lunet
Nuno Lunet
Carla Nunes
Carla Nunes
Henrique Barros
Henrique Barros
A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
description Background: Knowledge on the settings and activities associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential to inform decision-making. We thus designed a case-control study to identify relevant settings for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Portugal.Methods: We evaluated 1,088 cases, identified through the national surveillance system, and 787 community controls, recruited using random digit dialing. Sociodemographic characteristics, individual protective measures, and activities or visited settings were obtained through telephone interview. We report sex-, age-, education-, and citizenship-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Household overcrowding (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.91) and work in senior care (4.99; 1.30–33.08) increased while working remotely decreased the risk of infection (0.30; 0.22–0.42). Going to restaurants/other dining spaces (0.73; 0.59–0.91), grocery stores (0.44; 0.34–0.57) or hair salons (0.51; 0.39–0.66), or the use of public transportation did not present a higher risk of infection (0.98; 0.75–1.29), under existing mitigation strategies. Lower education ( ≤ 4 years vs. tertiary education: 1.79; 1.33–2.42) and no Portuguese citizenship (5.47; 3.43–9.22) were important risk factors.Conclusions: The utilization of public transportation, restaurants, and commercial spaces was not associated with increased risk of infection, under capacity restrictions, physical distancing, use of masks, and hygiene measures. Overcrowding, foreign citizenship, low education and working on-site were positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
format article
author Andreia Leite
Andreia Leite
Teresa Leão
Teresa Leão
Patrícia Soares
Patrícia Soares
Milton Severo
Milton Severo
Marta Moniz
Marta Moniz
Raquel Lucas
Pedro Aguiar
Pedro Aguiar
Paula Meireles
Nuno Lunet
Nuno Lunet
Carla Nunes
Carla Nunes
Henrique Barros
Henrique Barros
author_facet Andreia Leite
Andreia Leite
Teresa Leão
Teresa Leão
Patrícia Soares
Patrícia Soares
Milton Severo
Milton Severo
Marta Moniz
Marta Moniz
Raquel Lucas
Pedro Aguiar
Pedro Aguiar
Paula Meireles
Nuno Lunet
Nuno Lunet
Carla Nunes
Carla Nunes
Henrique Barros
Henrique Barros
author_sort Andreia Leite
title A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
title_short A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
title_full A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
title_fullStr A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
title_full_unstemmed A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
title_sort case-control study of contextual factors for sars-cov-2 transmission
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/440fe7a23c3341c7994fdb06e94a2f5d
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