Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets

Owing to rapid population growth, sewage sludge poses a serious environmental threat across the world. Composting and vermicomposting are biological technologies commonly used to stabilize sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to assess the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and me...

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Autores principales:	Bayu Dume, Ales Hanc, Pavel Svehla, Pavel Míchal, Abraham Demelash Chane, Abebe Nigussie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	thermophilic earthworms biosolids sewage sludge composting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/444cc23990a44943b58069ec3dda83a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:444cc23990a44943b58069ec3dda83a12021-11-25T16:43:55ZCarbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets10.3390/atmos121113802073-4433https://doaj.org/article/444cc23990a44943b58069ec3dda83a12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1380https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Owing to rapid population growth, sewage sludge poses a serious environmental threat across the world. Composting and vermicomposting are biological technologies commonly used to stabilize sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to assess the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting under the influence of different proportions of straw pellets. Four treatments were designed, by mixing the initial sewage sludge with varying ratio of pelletized wheat straw (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)). The experiment was conducted for 60 days, and <i>Eisenia andrei</i> was used for vermicomposting. The results revealed that the mixing ratio influenced CO<sub>2</sub> (F = 36.1, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and CH<sub>4</sub> (F= 73.9, <i>p</i> = 0.000) emissions during composting and CO<sub>2</sub> (F= 13.8, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and CH<sub>4</sub> (F= 4.5, <i>p</i>= 0.004) vermicomposting. Vermicomposting significantly reduced CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 18–38%, while increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 64–89%. The mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw) decreased CO<sub>2</sub> emission by 60–70% and CH<sub>4</sub> emission by 30–80% compared to control (0%). The mass balance indicated that 5.5–10.4% of carbon was loss during composting, while methane release accounted for 0.34–1.69%, and CO<sub>2</sub> release accounted for 2.3–8.65%. However, vermicomposting lost 8.98–13.7% of its carbon, with a methane release of 0.1–0.6% and CO<sub>2</sub> release of 5.0–11.6% of carbon. The carbon loss was 3.3–3.5% more under vermicomposting than composting. This study demonstrated that depending on the target gas to be reduced, composting and vermicomposting, as well as a mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw), could be an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>).Bayu DumeAles HancPavel SvehlaPavel MíchalAbraham Demelash ChaneAbebe NigussieMDPI AGarticlethermophilicearthwormsbiosolidssewage sludgecompostingMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1380, p 1380 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	thermophilic earthworms biosolids sewage sludge composting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	thermophilic earthworms biosolids sewage sludge composting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Bayu Dume Ales Hanc Pavel Svehla Pavel Míchal Abraham Demelash Chane Abebe Nigussie Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
description	Owing to rapid population growth, sewage sludge poses a serious environmental threat across the world. Composting and vermicomposting are biological technologies commonly used to stabilize sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to assess the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting under the influence of different proportions of straw pellets. Four treatments were designed, by mixing the initial sewage sludge with varying ratio of pelletized wheat straw (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)). The experiment was conducted for 60 days, and <i>Eisenia andrei</i> was used for vermicomposting. The results revealed that the mixing ratio influenced CO<sub>2</sub> (F = 36.1, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and CH<sub>4</sub> (F= 73.9, <i>p</i> = 0.000) emissions during composting and CO<sub>2</sub> (F= 13.8, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and CH<sub>4</sub> (F= 4.5, <i>p</i>= 0.004) vermicomposting. Vermicomposting significantly reduced CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 18–38%, while increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 64–89%. The mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw) decreased CO<sub>2</sub> emission by 60–70% and CH<sub>4</sub> emission by 30–80% compared to control (0%). The mass balance indicated that 5.5–10.4% of carbon was loss during composting, while methane release accounted for 0.34–1.69%, and CO<sub>2</sub> release accounted for 2.3–8.65%. However, vermicomposting lost 8.98–13.7% of its carbon, with a methane release of 0.1–0.6% and CO<sub>2</sub> release of 5.0–11.6% of carbon. The carbon loss was 3.3–3.5% more under vermicomposting than composting. This study demonstrated that depending on the target gas to be reduced, composting and vermicomposting, as well as a mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw), could be an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>).
format	article
author	Bayu Dume Ales Hanc Pavel Svehla Pavel Míchal Abraham Demelash Chane Abebe Nigussie
author_facet	Bayu Dume Ales Hanc Pavel Svehla Pavel Míchal Abraham Demelash Chane Abebe Nigussie
author_sort	Bayu Dume
title	Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
title_short	Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
title_full	Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
title_fullStr	Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
title_full_unstemmed	Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets
title_sort	carbon dioxide and methane emissions during the composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge under the effect of different proportions of straw pellets
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/444cc23990a44943b58069ec3dda83a1
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Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets

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