Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.

<h4>Background</h4>Coral reefs have exceptional biodiversity, support the livelihoods of millions of people, and are threatened by multiple human activities on land (e.g. farming) and in the sea (e.g. overfishing). Most conservation efforts occur at local scales and, when effective, can...

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Autores principales:	Carissa J Klein, Natalie C Ban, Benjamin S Halpern, Maria Beger, Edward T Game, Hedley S Grantham, Alison Green, Travis J Klein, Stuart Kininmonth, Eric Treml, Kerrie Wilson, Hugh P Possingham
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4470393f92154203b49e261abc73942c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4470393f92154203b49e261abc73942c2021-11-18T06:35:36ZPrioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0012431https://doaj.org/article/4470393f92154203b49e261abc73942c2010-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20814570/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Coral reefs have exceptional biodiversity, support the livelihoods of millions of people, and are threatened by multiple human activities on land (e.g. farming) and in the sea (e.g. overfishing). Most conservation efforts occur at local scales and, when effective, can increase the resilience of coral reefs to global threats such as climate change (e.g. warming water and ocean acidification). Limited resources for conservation require that we efficiently prioritize where and how to best sustain coral reef ecosystems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we develop the first prioritization approach that can guide regional-scale conservation investments in land- and sea-based conservation actions that cost-effectively mitigate threats to coral reefs, and apply it to the Coral Triangle, an area of significant global attention and funding. Using information on threats to marine ecosystems, effectiveness of management actions at abating threats, and the management and opportunity costs of actions, we calculate the rate of return on investment in two conservation actions in sixteen ecoregions. We discover that marine conservation almost always trumps terrestrial conservation within any ecoregion, but terrestrial conservation in one ecoregion can be a better investment than marine conservation in another. We show how these results could be used to allocate a limited budget for conservation and compare them to priorities based on individual criteria.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Previous prioritization approaches do not consider both land and sea-based threats or the socioeconomic costs of conserving coral reefs. A simple and transparent approach like ours is essential to support effective coral reef conservation decisions in a large and diverse region like the Coral Triangle, but can be applied at any scale and to other marine ecosystems.Carissa J KleinNatalie C BanBenjamin S HalpernMaria BegerEdward T GameHedley S GranthamAlison GreenTravis J KleinStuart KininmonthEric TremlKerrie WilsonHugh P PossinghamPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e12431 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carissa J Klein Natalie C Ban Benjamin S Halpern Maria Beger Edward T Game Hedley S Grantham Alison Green Travis J Klein Stuart Kininmonth Eric Treml Kerrie Wilson Hugh P Possingham Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Coral reefs have exceptional biodiversity, support the livelihoods of millions of people, and are threatened by multiple human activities on land (e.g. farming) and in the sea (e.g. overfishing). Most conservation efforts occur at local scales and, when effective, can increase the resilience of coral reefs to global threats such as climate change (e.g. warming water and ocean acidification). Limited resources for conservation require that we efficiently prioritize where and how to best sustain coral reef ecosystems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we develop the first prioritization approach that can guide regional-scale conservation investments in land- and sea-based conservation actions that cost-effectively mitigate threats to coral reefs, and apply it to the Coral Triangle, an area of significant global attention and funding. Using information on threats to marine ecosystems, effectiveness of management actions at abating threats, and the management and opportunity costs of actions, we calculate the rate of return on investment in two conservation actions in sixteen ecoregions. We discover that marine conservation almost always trumps terrestrial conservation within any ecoregion, but terrestrial conservation in one ecoregion can be a better investment than marine conservation in another. We show how these results could be used to allocate a limited budget for conservation and compare them to priorities based on individual criteria.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Previous prioritization approaches do not consider both land and sea-based threats or the socioeconomic costs of conserving coral reefs. A simple and transparent approach like ours is essential to support effective coral reef conservation decisions in a large and diverse region like the Coral Triangle, but can be applied at any scale and to other marine ecosystems.
format	article
author	Carissa J Klein Natalie C Ban Benjamin S Halpern Maria Beger Edward T Game Hedley S Grantham Alison Green Travis J Klein Stuart Kininmonth Eric Treml Kerrie Wilson Hugh P Possingham
author_facet	Carissa J Klein Natalie C Ban Benjamin S Halpern Maria Beger Edward T Game Hedley S Grantham Alison Green Travis J Klein Stuart Kininmonth Eric Treml Kerrie Wilson Hugh P Possingham
author_sort	Carissa J Klein
title	Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
title_short	Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
title_full	Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
title_fullStr	Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
title_full_unstemmed	Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
title_sort	prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/4470393f92154203b49e261abc73942c
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Prioritizing land and sea conservation investments to protect coral reefs.

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