Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass

Membrane bioreactor fouling is a complex process, which is typically driven by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, humic substances, and other intercellular polymers. While much is known about fouling in aerobic membrane reactors, far les...

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Autores principales:	Mohammed A. Galib, Timothy Abbott, Hyung-Sool Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	extracellular polymeric substances successive extractions anaerobic microorganisms proteins carbohydrates anaerobic membrane bioreactors Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/44815e9e90c448e08f5ec63716131611
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:44815e9e90c448e08f5ec637161316112021-11-25T19:02:16ZExamination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass10.3390/su1322125842071-1050https://doaj.org/article/44815e9e90c448e08f5ec637161316112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12584https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Membrane bioreactor fouling is a complex process, which is typically driven by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, humic substances, and other intercellular polymers. While much is known about fouling in aerobic membrane reactors, far less is known about fouling in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Much of this knowledge, including EPS extraction methods, has been extrapolated from aerobic processes and is commonly assumed to be comparable. Therefore, several extraction methods commonly used for aerobic EPS quantification, including ultrasonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and formaldehyde plus sodium hydroxide (CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH), were evaluated to determine the most suitable extraction method for EPS of anaerobic microorganisms in an AnMBR. To maximize EPS yields, each extraction was performed four times. Experimental results showed that the EDTA method was best for EPS quantification, based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and protein yields: 1.43 mg COD/mg volatile suspended solids (VSS), 0.14 mg DOC/mg VSS, and 0.11 mg proteins/mg VSS. In comparison, the CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH method maximized the extraction of carbohydrates (0.12 mg carbohydrates/mg VSS). However, multiple extraction cycles with EDTA and ultrasonication exhibited lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations compared to CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH extractions, indicating lower levels of released intracellular substances. Successive EPS extractions over four cycles are better able to quantify EPS from anaerobic microorganisms, since a single extraction may not accurately reflect the true levels of EPS contents in AnMBRs, and possibly in other anaerobic processes.Mohammed A. GalibTimothy AbbottHyung-Sool LeeMDPI AGarticleextracellular polymeric substancessuccessive extractionsanaerobic microorganismsproteinscarbohydratesanaerobic membrane bioreactorsEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12584, p 12584 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extracellular polymeric substances successive extractions anaerobic microorganisms proteins carbohydrates anaerobic membrane bioreactors Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	extracellular polymeric substances successive extractions anaerobic microorganisms proteins carbohydrates anaerobic membrane bioreactors Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Mohammed A. Galib Timothy Abbott Hyung-Sool Lee Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
description	Membrane bioreactor fouling is a complex process, which is typically driven by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, humic substances, and other intercellular polymers. While much is known about fouling in aerobic membrane reactors, far less is known about fouling in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Much of this knowledge, including EPS extraction methods, has been extrapolated from aerobic processes and is commonly assumed to be comparable. Therefore, several extraction methods commonly used for aerobic EPS quantification, including ultrasonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and formaldehyde plus sodium hydroxide (CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH), were evaluated to determine the most suitable extraction method for EPS of anaerobic microorganisms in an AnMBR. To maximize EPS yields, each extraction was performed four times. Experimental results showed that the EDTA method was best for EPS quantification, based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and protein yields: 1.43 mg COD/mg volatile suspended solids (VSS), 0.14 mg DOC/mg VSS, and 0.11 mg proteins/mg VSS. In comparison, the CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH method maximized the extraction of carbohydrates (0.12 mg carbohydrates/mg VSS). However, multiple extraction cycles with EDTA and ultrasonication exhibited lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations compared to CH<sub>2</sub>O+NaOH extractions, indicating lower levels of released intracellular substances. Successive EPS extractions over four cycles are better able to quantify EPS from anaerobic microorganisms, since a single extraction may not accurately reflect the true levels of EPS contents in AnMBRs, and possibly in other anaerobic processes.
format	article
author	Mohammed A. Galib Timothy Abbott Hyung-Sool Lee
author_facet	Mohammed A. Galib Timothy Abbott Hyung-Sool Lee
author_sort	Mohammed A. Galib
title	Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
title_short	Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
title_full	Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
title_fullStr	Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
title_full_unstemmed	Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass
title_sort	examination of extracellular polymer (eps) extraction methods for anaerobic membrane bioreactor (anmbr) biomass
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/44815e9e90c448e08f5ec63716131611
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammedagalib examinationofextracellularpolymerepsextractionmethodsforanaerobicmembranebioreactoranmbrbiomass AT timothyabbott examinationofextracellularpolymerepsextractionmethodsforanaerobicmembranebioreactoranmbrbiomass AT hyungsoollee examinationofextracellularpolymerepsextractionmethodsforanaerobicmembranebioreactoranmbrbiomass
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Examination of Extracellular Polymer (EPS) Extraction Methods for Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Biomass

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