20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>

ABSTRACT Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutritional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studi...

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Autores principales:	Rebekah A. Reynolds, Hyeogsun Kwon, Ryan C. Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	20-hydroxyecdysone Plasmodium bacteria hormone immune priming innate immunity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/449f0a58eaf048ee80d0ad5c47b8d39b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:449f0a58eaf048ee80d0ad5c47b8d39b2021-11-15T15:29:17Z20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>10.1128/mSphere.00983-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/449f0a58eaf048ee80d0ad5c47b8d39b2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00983-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutritional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studies suggest that mosquito immunity is stimulated following a blood meal, independent of infection status. Since blood feeding promotes production of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we hypothesized that 20E plays an important role in priming the immune response for pathogen challenge. Here, we examine the immunological effects of priming Anopheles gambiae with 20E prior to pathogen infection, demonstrating a significant reduction in bacteria and Plasmodium berghei survival in the mosquito host. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following 20E treatment identifies several known 20E-regulated genes, as well as several immune genes with previously reported function in antipathogen defense. Together, these data demonstrate that 20E influences cellular immune function and antipathogen immunity following mosquito blood feeding, arguing the importance of hormones in the regulation of mosquito innate immune function. IMPORTANCE Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity, demonstrating that priming the immune system with 20E increases mosquito resistance to pathogens. We identify differentially expressed genes in response to 20E treatment, including several involved in innate immune function as well as lipid metabolism and transport. Together, these data argue that 20E stimulates mosquito cellular immune function and innate immunity shortly after blood feeding.Rebekah A. ReynoldsHyeogsun KwonRyan C. SmithAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle20-hydroxyecdysonePlasmodiumbacteriahormoneimmune priminginnate immunityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	20-hydroxyecdysone Plasmodium bacteria hormone immune priming innate immunity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	20-hydroxyecdysone Plasmodium bacteria hormone immune priming innate immunity Microbiology QR1-502 Rebekah A. Reynolds Hyeogsun Kwon Ryan C. Smith 20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutritional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studies suggest that mosquito immunity is stimulated following a blood meal, independent of infection status. Since blood feeding promotes production of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we hypothesized that 20E plays an important role in priming the immune response for pathogen challenge. Here, we examine the immunological effects of priming Anopheles gambiae with 20E prior to pathogen infection, demonstrating a significant reduction in bacteria and Plasmodium berghei survival in the mosquito host. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following 20E treatment identifies several known 20E-regulated genes, as well as several immune genes with previously reported function in antipathogen defense. Together, these data demonstrate that 20E influences cellular immune function and antipathogen immunity following mosquito blood feeding, arguing the importance of hormones in the regulation of mosquito innate immune function. IMPORTANCE Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity, demonstrating that priming the immune system with 20E increases mosquito resistance to pathogens. We identify differentially expressed genes in response to 20E treatment, including several involved in innate immune function as well as lipid metabolism and transport. Together, these data argue that 20E stimulates mosquito cellular immune function and innate immunity shortly after blood feeding.
format	article
author	Rebekah A. Reynolds Hyeogsun Kwon Ryan C. Smith
author_facet	Rebekah A. Reynolds Hyeogsun Kwon Ryan C. Smith
author_sort	Rebekah A. Reynolds
title	20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
title_short	20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
title_full	20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
title_fullStr	20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>
title_sort	20-hydroxyecdysone primes innate immune responses that limit bacterial and malarial parasite survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">anopheles gambiae</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/449f0a58eaf048ee80d0ad5c47b8d39b
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20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Anopheles gambiae</named-content>

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