Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors

Objectives: To study the disease burden and financial burden of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) related-diseases among individuals in India. Methods: The prevalence and economic burden of WASH-related diseases was estimated using 75th Round National Sample Survey: ‘Household social consumption:...

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Autor principal:	Roopali Goyanka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	WASH-diseases Diarrhoea Malaria Jaundice Out-of-pocket expenditure Multilevel modelling Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/44ab2731b55a48acace213bc473157ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:44ab2731b55a48acace213bc473157ba2021-11-16T04:10:28ZBurden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors2213-398410.1016/j.cegh.2021.100887https://doaj.org/article/44ab2731b55a48acace213bc473157ba2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398421001950https://doaj.org/toc/2213-3984Objectives: To study the disease burden and financial burden of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) related-diseases among individuals in India. Methods: The prevalence and economic burden of WASH-related diseases was estimated using 75th Round National Sample Survey: ‘Household social consumption: Health’. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of community level factors in the prevalence of these diseases. Results: The prevalence of WASH-related diseases in India was at 5.7% of all outpatient visits and 6.9% of all hospital admissions during in 2017–18.66% of all outpatient malaria visits in rural areas were associated with restrictions in daily activities of ailing individuals. The mean out-of- pocket expenditure across all WASH-related diseases was ₹703 per outpatient visit and ₹9656 per hospital admission. The monthly OOPE on outpatient care for 74% persons with jaundice in rural areas, was greater than their monthly per capita consumption expenditure and 97% persons with malaria in urban areas faced catastrophic OOPE on outpatient care. Each hospital admission for jaundice in urban areas led to an earning loss of ₹2260. The intra-class correlation at community level from the multilevel logistic regression for diseases prevalence were 0.28 and 0.26 for outpatient and inpatient cases, indicating the role of community level factors in the variation in disease prevalence. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence, financial burden and effect of community level factors on WASH-related diseases in India. Holistic strengthening of WASH facilities is required to mitigate the avoidable burden of these diseases.Roopali GoyankaElsevierarticleWASH-diseasesDiarrhoeaMalariaJaundiceOut-of-pocket expenditureMultilevel modellingPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENClinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100887- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	WASH-diseases Diarrhoea Malaria Jaundice Out-of-pocket expenditure Multilevel modelling Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	WASH-diseases Diarrhoea Malaria Jaundice Out-of-pocket expenditure Multilevel modelling Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Roopali Goyanka Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
description	Objectives: To study the disease burden and financial burden of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) related-diseases among individuals in India. Methods: The prevalence and economic burden of WASH-related diseases was estimated using 75th Round National Sample Survey: ‘Household social consumption: Health’. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of community level factors in the prevalence of these diseases. Results: The prevalence of WASH-related diseases in India was at 5.7% of all outpatient visits and 6.9% of all hospital admissions during in 2017–18.66% of all outpatient malaria visits in rural areas were associated with restrictions in daily activities of ailing individuals. The mean out-of- pocket expenditure across all WASH-related diseases was ₹703 per outpatient visit and ₹9656 per hospital admission. The monthly OOPE on outpatient care for 74% persons with jaundice in rural areas, was greater than their monthly per capita consumption expenditure and 97% persons with malaria in urban areas faced catastrophic OOPE on outpatient care. Each hospital admission for jaundice in urban areas led to an earning loss of ₹2260. The intra-class correlation at community level from the multilevel logistic regression for diseases prevalence were 0.28 and 0.26 for outpatient and inpatient cases, indicating the role of community level factors in the variation in disease prevalence. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence, financial burden and effect of community level factors on WASH-related diseases in India. Holistic strengthening of WASH facilities is required to mitigate the avoidable burden of these diseases.
format	article
author	Roopali Goyanka
author_facet	Roopali Goyanka
author_sort	Roopali Goyanka
title	Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
title_short	Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
title_full	Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
title_fullStr	Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
title_full_unstemmed	Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
title_sort	burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in india: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/44ab2731b55a48acace213bc473157ba
work_keys_str_mv	AT roopaligoyanka burdenofwatersanitationandhygienerelateddiseasesinindiaprevalencehealthcarecostandeffectofcommunitylevelfactors
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Burden of water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases in India: prevalence, health care cost and effect of community level factors

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