Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem

Abstract Shelled pteropods are widely regarded as bioindicators for ocean acidification, because their fragile aragonite shells are susceptible to increasing ocean acidity. While short-term incubations have demonstrated that pteropod calcification is negatively impacted by ocean acidification, we kn...

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Autores principales:	Lisette Mekkes, Willem Renema, Nina Bednaršek, Simone R. Alin, Richard A. Feely, Jef Huisman, Peter Roessingh, Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/44c8e37109c74af5b1becdb126ebe6f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:44c8e37109c74af5b1becdb126ebe6f02021-12-02T13:56:48ZPteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem10.1038/s41598-021-81131-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/44c8e37109c74af5b1becdb126ebe6f02021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81131-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Shelled pteropods are widely regarded as bioindicators for ocean acidification, because their fragile aragonite shells are susceptible to increasing ocean acidity. While short-term incubations have demonstrated that pteropod calcification is negatively impacted by ocean acidification, we know little about net calcification in response to varying ocean conditions in natural populations. Here, we examine in situ calcification of Limacina helicina pteropods collected from the California Current Ecosystem, a coastal upwelling system with strong spatial gradients in ocean carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Depth-averaged pH ranged from 8.03 in warmer offshore waters to 7.77 in cold CO2-rich waters nearshore. Based on high-resolution micro-CT technology, we showed that shell thickness declined by ~ 37% along the upwelling gradient from offshore to nearshore water. Dissolution marks covered only ~ 2% of the shell surface area and were not associated with the observed variation in shell thickness. We thus infer that pteropods make thinner shells where upwelling brings more acidified and colder waters to the surface. Probably the thinner shells do not result from enhanced dissolution, but are due to a decline in calcification. Reduced calcification of pteropods is likely to have major ecological and biogeochemical implications for the cycling of calcium carbonate in the oceans.Lisette MekkesWillem RenemaNina BednaršekSimone R. AlinRichard A. FeelyJef HuismanPeter RoessinghKatja T. C. A. PeijnenburgNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lisette Mekkes Willem Renema Nina Bednaršek Simone R. Alin Richard A. Feely Jef Huisman Peter Roessingh Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
description	Abstract Shelled pteropods are widely regarded as bioindicators for ocean acidification, because their fragile aragonite shells are susceptible to increasing ocean acidity. While short-term incubations have demonstrated that pteropod calcification is negatively impacted by ocean acidification, we know little about net calcification in response to varying ocean conditions in natural populations. Here, we examine in situ calcification of Limacina helicina pteropods collected from the California Current Ecosystem, a coastal upwelling system with strong spatial gradients in ocean carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Depth-averaged pH ranged from 8.03 in warmer offshore waters to 7.77 in cold CO2-rich waters nearshore. Based on high-resolution micro-CT technology, we showed that shell thickness declined by ~ 37% along the upwelling gradient from offshore to nearshore water. Dissolution marks covered only ~ 2% of the shell surface area and were not associated with the observed variation in shell thickness. We thus infer that pteropods make thinner shells where upwelling brings more acidified and colder waters to the surface. Probably the thinner shells do not result from enhanced dissolution, but are due to a decline in calcification. Reduced calcification of pteropods is likely to have major ecological and biogeochemical implications for the cycling of calcium carbonate in the oceans.
format	article
author	Lisette Mekkes Willem Renema Nina Bednaršek Simone R. Alin Richard A. Feely Jef Huisman Peter Roessingh Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
author_facet	Lisette Mekkes Willem Renema Nina Bednaršek Simone R. Alin Richard A. Feely Jef Huisman Peter Roessingh Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
author_sort	Lisette Mekkes
title	Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
title_short	Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
title_full	Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
title_fullStr	Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
title_full_unstemmed	Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
title_sort	pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the california current ecosystem
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/44c8e37109c74af5b1becdb126ebe6f0
work_keys_str_mv	AT lisettemekkes pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT willemrenema pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT ninabednarsek pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT simoneralin pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT richardafeely pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT jefhuisman pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT peterroessingh pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem AT katjatcapeijnenburg pteropodsmakethinnershellsintheupwellingregionofthecaliforniacurrentecosystem
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Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem

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