The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa that are primarily transmitted by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks and rarely through blood transfusion, perinatally, and organ transplantation. More than 100 <i>Babesia</i> species infect a wide spectrum of wild...

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Autores principales:	Abhinav Kumar, Jane O’Bryan, Peter J. Krause
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	babesiosis <i>Babesia microti</i> epidemiology immunoepidemiology case surveillance Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/44df7e59b1714829bcb0a608e7ae7437
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:44df7e59b1714829bcb0a608e7ae74372021-11-25T18:38:19ZThe Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis10.3390/pathogens101114472076-0817https://doaj.org/article/44df7e59b1714829bcb0a608e7ae74372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1447https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa that are primarily transmitted by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks and rarely through blood transfusion, perinatally, and organ transplantation. More than 100 <i>Babesia</i> species infect a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animals worldwide and six have been identified as human pathogens. <i>Babesia microti</i> is the predominant species that infects humans, is found throughout the world, and causes endemic disease in the United States and China. <i>Babesia venatorum</i> and <i>Babesia crassa</i>-like agent also cause endemic disease in China. <i>Babesia divergens</i> is the predominant species in Europe where fulminant cases have been reported sporadically. The number of <i>B. microti</i> infections has been increasing globally in recent decades. In the United States, more than 2000 cases are reported each year, although the actual number is thought to be much higher. In this review of the epidemiology of human babesiosis, we discuss epidemiologic tools used to monitor disease location and frequency; demographics and modes of transmission; the location of human babesiosis; the causative <i>Babesia</i> species in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; the primary clinical characteristics associated with each of these infections; and the increasing global health burden of this disease.Abhinav KumarJane O’BryanPeter J. KrauseMDPI AGarticlebabesiosis<i>Babesia microti</i>epidemiologyimmunoepidemiologycase surveillancebabesiosisMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1447, p 1447 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	babesiosis <i>Babesia microti</i> epidemiology immunoepidemiology case surveillance babesiosis Medicine R
spellingShingle	babesiosis <i>Babesia microti</i> epidemiology immunoepidemiology case surveillance babesiosis Medicine R Abhinav Kumar Jane O’Bryan Peter J. Krause The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
description	Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa that are primarily transmitted by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks and rarely through blood transfusion, perinatally, and organ transplantation. More than 100 <i>Babesia</i> species infect a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animals worldwide and six have been identified as human pathogens. <i>Babesia microti</i> is the predominant species that infects humans, is found throughout the world, and causes endemic disease in the United States and China. <i>Babesia venatorum</i> and <i>Babesia crassa</i>-like agent also cause endemic disease in China. <i>Babesia divergens</i> is the predominant species in Europe where fulminant cases have been reported sporadically. The number of <i>B. microti</i> infections has been increasing globally in recent decades. In the United States, more than 2000 cases are reported each year, although the actual number is thought to be much higher. In this review of the epidemiology of human babesiosis, we discuss epidemiologic tools used to monitor disease location and frequency; demographics and modes of transmission; the location of human babesiosis; the causative <i>Babesia</i> species in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; the primary clinical characteristics associated with each of these infections; and the increasing global health burden of this disease.
format	article
author	Abhinav Kumar Jane O’Bryan Peter J. Krause
author_facet	Abhinav Kumar Jane O’Bryan Peter J. Krause
author_sort	Abhinav Kumar
title	The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
title_short	The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
title_full	The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
title_fullStr	The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
title_full_unstemmed	The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis
title_sort	global emergence of human babesiosis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/44df7e59b1714829bcb0a608e7ae7437
work_keys_str_mv	AT abhinavkumar theglobalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis AT janeobryan theglobalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis AT peterjkrause theglobalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis AT abhinavkumar globalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis AT janeobryan globalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis AT peterjkrause globalemergenceofhumanbabesiosis
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The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis

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