What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?

Livestock rearing is an important income source for small-scale farmers in Myanmar, but Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Newcastle disease (ND) are major constraints to livestock production. A study was conducted to identify perceptions of farmers about FMD and ND disease risks and perceptions about...

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Autores principales:	Tu Tu Zaw Win, Angus Campbell, Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes, Kyaw Naing Oo, Joerg Henning
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/44fc14238a014c9f825feb120d9c3f01
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:44fc14238a014c9f825feb120d9c3f012021-12-02T20:16:43ZWhat drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258765https://doaj.org/article/44fc14238a014c9f825feb120d9c3f012021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258765https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Livestock rearing is an important income source for small-scale farmers in Myanmar, but Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Newcastle disease (ND) are major constraints to livestock production. A study was conducted to identify perceptions of farmers about FMD and ND disease risks and perceptions about vaccination practices by using the modified health belief model. The majority of livestock farmers (>70%) reported that they were aware of the risk and impact of FMD and ND and were willing to vaccinate their livestock (>60%). Focusing on three main livestock farmer groups, about 17.0% of cattle, 15.4% of village chicken, but only 2.3% of small ruminant owners, indicated that the non-availability of vaccinations in the villages was the major constraint to vaccinations (p<0.001), while in contrast twice as many small ruminant farmers compared to cattle and village chicken farmers indicated they had no knowledge about vaccinations and no funds to conduct vaccinations. Limited accessibility to vaccines and vaccinators was related to size of villages (p = 0.001 for cattle; p = 0.027 for small ruminants; p = 0.005 for village chicken). Willingness to vaccinate small ruminants against FMD was associated with the perceived impact of the disease on sales and accessibility of information about vaccination. Accessibility to information about ND vaccination influenced the willingness of village chicken farmers to conduct vaccinations. In addition, beliefs in the effectiveness of vaccinations played a major role in the willingness to carry out vaccinations on both, cattle (β = 0.3, p = 0.018) and village chicken farms (β = 0.5, p<0.001). Our study highlights that policies that increase the accessibility of vaccines and the dissemination of information about disease prevention and vaccination practices in villages of all sizes, have the potential to increase FMD and ND vaccination rates and thereby reduce outbreak occurrence in Myanmar. On the other hand, indirect factors, such as village size strongly influenced the availability of vaccinations.Tu Tu Zaw WinAngus CampbellRicardo J Soares MagalhaesKyaw Naing OoJoerg HenningPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258765 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tu Tu Zaw Win Angus Campbell Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Kyaw Naing Oo Joerg Henning What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
description	Livestock rearing is an important income source for small-scale farmers in Myanmar, but Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Newcastle disease (ND) are major constraints to livestock production. A study was conducted to identify perceptions of farmers about FMD and ND disease risks and perceptions about vaccination practices by using the modified health belief model. The majority of livestock farmers (>70%) reported that they were aware of the risk and impact of FMD and ND and were willing to vaccinate their livestock (>60%). Focusing on three main livestock farmer groups, about 17.0% of cattle, 15.4% of village chicken, but only 2.3% of small ruminant owners, indicated that the non-availability of vaccinations in the villages was the major constraint to vaccinations (p<0.001), while in contrast twice as many small ruminant farmers compared to cattle and village chicken farmers indicated they had no knowledge about vaccinations and no funds to conduct vaccinations. Limited accessibility to vaccines and vaccinators was related to size of villages (p = 0.001 for cattle; p = 0.027 for small ruminants; p = 0.005 for village chicken). Willingness to vaccinate small ruminants against FMD was associated with the perceived impact of the disease on sales and accessibility of information about vaccination. Accessibility to information about ND vaccination influenced the willingness of village chicken farmers to conduct vaccinations. In addition, beliefs in the effectiveness of vaccinations played a major role in the willingness to carry out vaccinations on both, cattle (β = 0.3, p = 0.018) and village chicken farms (β = 0.5, p<0.001). Our study highlights that policies that increase the accessibility of vaccines and the dissemination of information about disease prevention and vaccination practices in villages of all sizes, have the potential to increase FMD and ND vaccination rates and thereby reduce outbreak occurrence in Myanmar. On the other hand, indirect factors, such as village size strongly influenced the availability of vaccinations.
format	article
author	Tu Tu Zaw Win Angus Campbell Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Kyaw Naing Oo Joerg Henning
author_facet	Tu Tu Zaw Win Angus Campbell Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Kyaw Naing Oo Joerg Henning
author_sort	Tu Tu Zaw Win
title	What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
title_short	What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
title_full	What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
title_fullStr	What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
title_full_unstemmed	What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?
title_sort	what drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in myanmar?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/44fc14238a014c9f825feb120d9c3f01
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What drives small-scale farmers to vaccinate their multiple livestock species animals against common infectious diseases in Myanmar?

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