Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality

Abstract Despite a wealth of knowledge on how humans and nonhuman animals learn to associate meaningful events with cues in the environment, far less is known about how humans learn to associate these events with the environment itself. Progress on understanding spatiotemporal contextual processes i...

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Autores principales:	Marijn C. W. Kroes, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Wayne E. Mackey, Mason McClay, Elizabeth A. Phelps
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45026b14e62d4669af8529d89fbd26d6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45026b14e62d4669af8529d89fbd26d62021-12-02T16:06:33ZContext conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality10.1038/s41598-017-08184-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/45026b14e62d4669af8529d89fbd26d62017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08184-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Despite a wealth of knowledge on how humans and nonhuman animals learn to associate meaningful events with cues in the environment, far less is known about how humans learn to associate these events with the environment itself. Progress on understanding spatiotemporal contextual processes in humans has been slow in large measure by the methodological constraint of generating and manipulating immersive spatial environments in well-controlled laboratory settings. Fortunately, immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) technology has improved appreciably and affords a relatively straightforward methodology to investigate the role of context on learning, memory, and emotion while maintaining experimental control. Here, we review context conditioning literature in humans and describe challenges to study contextual learning in humans. We then provide details for a novel context threat (fear) conditioning paradigm in humans using a commercially available VR headset and a cross-platform game engine. This paradigm resulted in the acquisition of subjective threat, threat-conditioned defensive responses, and explicit threat memory. We make the paradigm publicly available and describe obstacles and solutions to optimize future studies of context conditioning using iVR. As computer technology advances to replicate the sensation of realistic environments, there are increasing opportunities to bridge the translational gap between rodent and human research on how context modulates cognition, which may ultimately lead to more optimal treatment strategies for anxiety- and stress-related disorders.Marijn C. W. KroesJoseph E. DunsmoorWayne E. MackeyMason McClayElizabeth A. PhelpsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marijn C. W. Kroes Joseph E. Dunsmoor Wayne E. Mackey Mason McClay Elizabeth A. Phelps Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
description	Abstract Despite a wealth of knowledge on how humans and nonhuman animals learn to associate meaningful events with cues in the environment, far less is known about how humans learn to associate these events with the environment itself. Progress on understanding spatiotemporal contextual processes in humans has been slow in large measure by the methodological constraint of generating and manipulating immersive spatial environments in well-controlled laboratory settings. Fortunately, immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) technology has improved appreciably and affords a relatively straightforward methodology to investigate the role of context on learning, memory, and emotion while maintaining experimental control. Here, we review context conditioning literature in humans and describe challenges to study contextual learning in humans. We then provide details for a novel context threat (fear) conditioning paradigm in humans using a commercially available VR headset and a cross-platform game engine. This paradigm resulted in the acquisition of subjective threat, threat-conditioned defensive responses, and explicit threat memory. We make the paradigm publicly available and describe obstacles and solutions to optimize future studies of context conditioning using iVR. As computer technology advances to replicate the sensation of realistic environments, there are increasing opportunities to bridge the translational gap between rodent and human research on how context modulates cognition, which may ultimately lead to more optimal treatment strategies for anxiety- and stress-related disorders.
format	article
author	Marijn C. W. Kroes Joseph E. Dunsmoor Wayne E. Mackey Mason McClay Elizabeth A. Phelps
author_facet	Marijn C. W. Kroes Joseph E. Dunsmoor Wayne E. Mackey Mason McClay Elizabeth A. Phelps
author_sort	Marijn C. W. Kroes
title	Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
title_short	Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
title_full	Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
title_fullStr	Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
title_full_unstemmed	Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality
title_sort	context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive virtual reality
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/45026b14e62d4669af8529d89fbd26d6
work_keys_str_mv	AT marijncwkroes contextconditioninginhumansusingcommerciallyavailableimmersivevirtualreality AT josephedunsmoor contextconditioninginhumansusingcommerciallyavailableimmersivevirtualreality AT wayneemackey contextconditioninginhumansusingcommerciallyavailableimmersivevirtualreality AT masonmcclay contextconditioninginhumansusingcommerciallyavailableimmersivevirtualreality AT elizabethaphelps contextconditioninginhumansusingcommerciallyavailableimmersivevirtualreality
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Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality

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