Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aims1) To determine the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness (SMI), overall and by type of SMI, geographical region, and year of data collection; and 2) to assess the likelihood of overweight and obesity, in people with SMI compared with the general popula...

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Autores principales:	Medhia Afzal, Najma Siddiqi, Bilal Ahmad, Nida Afsheen, Faiza Aslam, Ayaz Ali, Rubab Ayesha, Maria Bryant, Richard Holt, Humaira Khalid, Kousar Ishaq, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Sukanya Rajan, Jobaida Saba, Nilesh Tirbhowan, Gerardo A. Zavala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	severe mental illness (SMI) schizophrenia bipolar disorder obesity overweight systematic review & meta-analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4505eec58b5a488c8c9e080e28fce6a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4505eec58b5a488c8c9e080e28fce6a12021-12-01T01:38:05ZPrevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.769309https://doaj.org/article/4505eec58b5a488c8c9e080e28fce6a12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.769309/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392Aims1) To determine the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness (SMI), overall and by type of SMI, geographical region, and year of data collection; and 2) to assess the likelihood of overweight and obesity, in people with SMI compared with the general population.MethodsPubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify observational studies assessing the prevalence of obesity in adults with SMI. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently by two co-authors. Random effect estimates for the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity and the pooled odds of obesity in people with SMI compared with the general population were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for types of SMI, setting, antipsychotic medication, region of the world, country income classification, date of data collection and sex. We assessed publication bias and performed a series of sensitivity analyses, excluding studies with high risk of bias, with low sample size and those not reporting obesity according to WHO classification.Result120 studies from 43 countries were included, the majority were from high income countries. The pooled prevalence of obesity in people with SMI was 25.9% (95% C.I. = 23.3-29.1) and the combined pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 60.1% (95% C.I. = 55.8-63.1). Sub-Saharan Africa (13.0%, 95%C.I. = 6.7-25.1) and South Asia (17.7%, 95%C.I. = 10.5-28.5) had the lowest prevalence of obesity whilst North Africa and the Middle East (35.8%, 95%C.I. = 23.8-44.8) reported the highest prevalence. People with SMI were 3.04 more likely (95% C.I. = 2.42-3.82) to have obesity than the general population, but there was no difference in the prevalence of overweight. Women with schizophrenia were 1.44 (95% C.I. = 1.25-1.67) times more likely than men with schizophrenia to live with obesity; however, no gender differences were found among those with bipolar disorder.ConclusionPeople with SMI have a markedly high prevalence and higher odds of obesity than the general population. This may contribute to the very high prevalence of physical health conditions and mortality in this group. People with SMI around the world would likely benefit from interventions to reduce and prevent obesity.Medhia AfzalMedhia AfzalMedhia AfzalNajma SiddiqiNajma SiddiqiBilal AhmadNida AfsheenFaiza AslamAyaz AliRubab AyeshaMaria BryantMaria BryantRichard HoltRichard HoltHumaira KhalidKousar IshaqKamrun Nahar KolySukanya RajanJobaida SabaNilesh TirbhowanGerardo A. ZavalaFrontiers Media S.A.articlesevere mental illness (SMI)schizophreniabipolar disorderobesityoverweightsystematic review & meta-analysisDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	severe mental illness (SMI) schizophrenia bipolar disorder obesity overweight systematic review & meta-analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	severe mental illness (SMI) schizophrenia bipolar disorder obesity overweight systematic review & meta-analysis Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Najma Siddiqi Najma Siddiqi Bilal Ahmad Nida Afsheen Faiza Aslam Ayaz Ali Rubab Ayesha Maria Bryant Maria Bryant Richard Holt Richard Holt Humaira Khalid Kousar Ishaq Kamrun Nahar Koly Sukanya Rajan Jobaida Saba Nilesh Tirbhowan Gerardo A. Zavala Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
description	Aims1) To determine the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness (SMI), overall and by type of SMI, geographical region, and year of data collection; and 2) to assess the likelihood of overweight and obesity, in people with SMI compared with the general population.MethodsPubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify observational studies assessing the prevalence of obesity in adults with SMI. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently by two co-authors. Random effect estimates for the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity and the pooled odds of obesity in people with SMI compared with the general population were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for types of SMI, setting, antipsychotic medication, region of the world, country income classification, date of data collection and sex. We assessed publication bias and performed a series of sensitivity analyses, excluding studies with high risk of bias, with low sample size and those not reporting obesity according to WHO classification.Result120 studies from 43 countries were included, the majority were from high income countries. The pooled prevalence of obesity in people with SMI was 25.9% (95% C.I. = 23.3-29.1) and the combined pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 60.1% (95% C.I. = 55.8-63.1). Sub-Saharan Africa (13.0%, 95%C.I. = 6.7-25.1) and South Asia (17.7%, 95%C.I. = 10.5-28.5) had the lowest prevalence of obesity whilst North Africa and the Middle East (35.8%, 95%C.I. = 23.8-44.8) reported the highest prevalence. People with SMI were 3.04 more likely (95% C.I. = 2.42-3.82) to have obesity than the general population, but there was no difference in the prevalence of overweight. Women with schizophrenia were 1.44 (95% C.I. = 1.25-1.67) times more likely than men with schizophrenia to live with obesity; however, no gender differences were found among those with bipolar disorder.ConclusionPeople with SMI have a markedly high prevalence and higher odds of obesity than the general population. This may contribute to the very high prevalence of physical health conditions and mortality in this group. People with SMI around the world would likely benefit from interventions to reduce and prevent obesity.
format	article
author	Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Najma Siddiqi Najma Siddiqi Bilal Ahmad Nida Afsheen Faiza Aslam Ayaz Ali Rubab Ayesha Maria Bryant Maria Bryant Richard Holt Richard Holt Humaira Khalid Kousar Ishaq Kamrun Nahar Koly Sukanya Rajan Jobaida Saba Nilesh Tirbhowan Gerardo A. Zavala
author_facet	Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Medhia Afzal Najma Siddiqi Najma Siddiqi Bilal Ahmad Nida Afsheen Faiza Aslam Ayaz Ali Rubab Ayesha Maria Bryant Maria Bryant Richard Holt Richard Holt Humaira Khalid Kousar Ishaq Kamrun Nahar Koly Sukanya Rajan Jobaida Saba Nilesh Tirbhowan Gerardo A. Zavala
author_sort	Medhia Afzal
title	Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short	Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full	Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr	Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort	prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4505eec58b5a488c8c9e080e28fce6a1
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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