Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cannabis extract obtained from cannabis flowers that contain the maximum allowed level of mycotoxins affects human safety and health. For that purpose, a novel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was develope...

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Autores principales:	Tijana Serafimovska, Sasho Stefanovski, Joachim Erler, Zlatko Keskovski, Gjoshe Stefkov, Marija Mitevska, Marija Darkovska Serafimovska, Trajan Balkanov, Jasmina Tonic Ribarska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	mycotoxins aflatoxins ochratoxin A determination liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) cannabis extracts Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/450c25694f6747d682565a6b80a04009
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:450c25694f6747d682565a6b80a040092021-11-15T04:39:24ZDoes Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.759856https://doaj.org/article/450c25694f6747d682565a6b80a040092021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.759856/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XAim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cannabis extract obtained from cannabis flowers that contain the maximum allowed level of mycotoxins affects human safety and health. For that purpose, a novel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (OchA) in cannabis extracts to demonstrate that this analytical method is suitable for the intended experimental design.Methods: Experimental design was done by adding maximum allowed concentration of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) and OchA according to the European Pharmacopeia related to cannabis flowers. The concentration of aflatoxins and OchA was determined using the same LC/MS/MS analytical method in the starting material (dry flower) before preparing the spiked sample and after obtaining decarboxylated extract with ethanol 96%.Results: The results obtained indicate that aflatoxins and OchA, primarily added to the cannabis dried flowers, were also determined into the obtained final extract in amounts much higher (m/m) than in the starting plant material.Conclusion: With this experiment, we have shown that mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, which are extremely toxic secondary metabolites, can reach critical values in cannabis extracts obtained from dry cannabis flowers with the maximum allowed quantity of mycotoxins. This can pose a great risk to consumers and their health especially to those with compromised immune systems.Tijana SerafimovskaSasho StefanovskiJoachim ErlerZlatko KeskovskiGjoshe StefkovMarija MitevskaMarija Darkovska SerafimovskaTrajan BalkanovJasmina Tonic RibarskaFrontiers Media S.A.articlemycotoxinsaflatoxinsochratoxin Adetermination liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)cannabis extractsMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mycotoxins aflatoxins ochratoxin A determination liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) cannabis extracts Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	mycotoxins aflatoxins ochratoxin A determination liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) cannabis extracts Medicine (General) R5-920 Tijana Serafimovska Sasho Stefanovski Joachim Erler Zlatko Keskovski Gjoshe Stefkov Marija Mitevska Marija Darkovska Serafimovska Trajan Balkanov Jasmina Tonic Ribarska Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
description	Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cannabis extract obtained from cannabis flowers that contain the maximum allowed level of mycotoxins affects human safety and health. For that purpose, a novel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (OchA) in cannabis extracts to demonstrate that this analytical method is suitable for the intended experimental design.Methods: Experimental design was done by adding maximum allowed concentration of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) and OchA according to the European Pharmacopeia related to cannabis flowers. The concentration of aflatoxins and OchA was determined using the same LC/MS/MS analytical method in the starting material (dry flower) before preparing the spiked sample and after obtaining decarboxylated extract with ethanol 96%.Results: The results obtained indicate that aflatoxins and OchA, primarily added to the cannabis dried flowers, were also determined into the obtained final extract in amounts much higher (m/m) than in the starting plant material.Conclusion: With this experiment, we have shown that mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, which are extremely toxic secondary metabolites, can reach critical values in cannabis extracts obtained from dry cannabis flowers with the maximum allowed quantity of mycotoxins. This can pose a great risk to consumers and their health especially to those with compromised immune systems.
format	article
author	Tijana Serafimovska Sasho Stefanovski Joachim Erler Zlatko Keskovski Gjoshe Stefkov Marija Mitevska Marija Darkovska Serafimovska Trajan Balkanov Jasmina Tonic Ribarska
author_facet	Tijana Serafimovska Sasho Stefanovski Joachim Erler Zlatko Keskovski Gjoshe Stefkov Marija Mitevska Marija Darkovska Serafimovska Trajan Balkanov Jasmina Tonic Ribarska
author_sort	Tijana Serafimovska
title	Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
title_short	Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
title_full	Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
title_fullStr	Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
title_full_unstemmed	Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?
title_sort	does cannabis extract obtained from cannabis flowers with maximum allowed residual level of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a have an impact on human safety and health?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/450c25694f6747d682565a6b80a04009
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Does Cannabis Extract Obtained From Cannabis Flowers With Maximum Allowed Residual Level of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a Have an Impact on Human Safety and Health?

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