Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.

Biological particle mixing (bioturbation) and solute transfer (bio-irrigation) contribute extensively to ecosystem functioning in sediments where physical mixing is low. Macrobenthos transports oxygen and organic matter deeper into the sediment, thereby likely providing favourable niches to lower tr...

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Autores principales:	Ulrike Braeckman, Pieter Provoost, Tom Moens, Karline Soetaert, Jack J Middelburg, Magda Vincx, Jan Vanaverbeke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/451dd4956cfb4b958c8d4c85764506d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:451dd4956cfb4b958c8d4c85764506d42021-11-18T06:56:51ZBiological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0018078https://doaj.org/article/451dd4956cfb4b958c8d4c85764506d42011-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21455308/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Biological particle mixing (bioturbation) and solute transfer (bio-irrigation) contribute extensively to ecosystem functioning in sediments where physical mixing is low. Macrobenthos transports oxygen and organic matter deeper into the sediment, thereby likely providing favourable niches to lower trophic levels (i.e., smaller benthic animals such as meiofauna and bacteria) and thus stimulating mineralisation. Whether this biological transport facilitates fresh organic matter assimilation by the metazoan lower part of the food web through niche establishment (i.e., ecosystem engineering) or rather deprives them from food sources, is so far unclear. We investigated the effects of the ecosystem engineers Lanice conchilega (bio-irrigator) and Abra alba (bioturbator) compared to abiotic physical mixing events on survival and food uptake of nematodes after a simulated phytoplankton bloom. The (13)C labelled diatom Skeletonema costatum was added to 4 treatments: (1) microcosms containing the bioturbator, (2) microcosms containing the bio-irrigator, (3) control microcosms and (4) microcosms with abiotic manual surface mixing. Nematode survival and subsurface peaks in nematode density profiles were most pronounced in the bio-irrigator treatment. However, nematode specific uptake (Δδ(13)C) of the added diatoms was highest in the physical mixing treatment, where macrobenthos was absent and the diatom (13)C was homogenised. Overall, nematodes fed preferentially on bulk sedimentary organic material rather than the added diatoms. The total C budget (µg C m(-2)), which included TO(13)C remaining in the sediment, respiration, nematode and macrobenthic uptake, highlighted the limited assimilation by the metazoan benthos and the major role of bacterial respiration. In summary, bioturbation and especially bio-irrigation facilitated the lower trophic levels mainly over the long-term through niche establishment. Since the freshly added diatoms represented only a limited food source for nematodes, the macrobenthic effect was more pronounced in niche establishment than the negative structuring effects such as competition.Ulrike BraeckmanPieter ProvoostTom MoensKarline SoetaertJack J MiddelburgMagda VincxJan VanaverbekePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e18078 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ulrike Braeckman Pieter Provoost Tom Moens Karline Soetaert Jack J Middelburg Magda Vincx Jan Vanaverbeke Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
description	Biological particle mixing (bioturbation) and solute transfer (bio-irrigation) contribute extensively to ecosystem functioning in sediments where physical mixing is low. Macrobenthos transports oxygen and organic matter deeper into the sediment, thereby likely providing favourable niches to lower trophic levels (i.e., smaller benthic animals such as meiofauna and bacteria) and thus stimulating mineralisation. Whether this biological transport facilitates fresh organic matter assimilation by the metazoan lower part of the food web through niche establishment (i.e., ecosystem engineering) or rather deprives them from food sources, is so far unclear. We investigated the effects of the ecosystem engineers Lanice conchilega (bio-irrigator) and Abra alba (bioturbator) compared to abiotic physical mixing events on survival and food uptake of nematodes after a simulated phytoplankton bloom. The (13)C labelled diatom Skeletonema costatum was added to 4 treatments: (1) microcosms containing the bioturbator, (2) microcosms containing the bio-irrigator, (3) control microcosms and (4) microcosms with abiotic manual surface mixing. Nematode survival and subsurface peaks in nematode density profiles were most pronounced in the bio-irrigator treatment. However, nematode specific uptake (Δδ(13)C) of the added diatoms was highest in the physical mixing treatment, where macrobenthos was absent and the diatom (13)C was homogenised. Overall, nematodes fed preferentially on bulk sedimentary organic material rather than the added diatoms. The total C budget (µg C m(-2)), which included TO(13)C remaining in the sediment, respiration, nematode and macrobenthic uptake, highlighted the limited assimilation by the metazoan benthos and the major role of bacterial respiration. In summary, bioturbation and especially bio-irrigation facilitated the lower trophic levels mainly over the long-term through niche establishment. Since the freshly added diatoms represented only a limited food source for nematodes, the macrobenthic effect was more pronounced in niche establishment than the negative structuring effects such as competition.
format	article
author	Ulrike Braeckman Pieter Provoost Tom Moens Karline Soetaert Jack J Middelburg Magda Vincx Jan Vanaverbeke
author_facet	Ulrike Braeckman Pieter Provoost Tom Moens Karline Soetaert Jack J Middelburg Magda Vincx Jan Vanaverbeke
author_sort	Ulrike Braeckman
title	Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
title_short	Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
title_full	Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
title_fullStr	Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
title_full_unstemmed	Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
title_sort	biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/451dd4956cfb4b958c8d4c85764506d4
work_keys_str_mv	AT ulrikebraeckman biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT pieterprovoost biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT tommoens biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT karlinesoetaert biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT jackjmiddelburg biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT magdavincx biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics AT janvanaverbeke biologicalvsphysicalmixingeffectsonbenthicfoodwebdynamics
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Biological vs. physical mixing effects on benthic food web dynamics.

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