Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.

Projectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrust...

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Autores principales:	Yonatan Sahle, W Karl Hutchings, David R Braun, Judith C Sealy, Leah E Morgan, Agazi Negash, Balemwal Atnafu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45390775d1b14b46a8ff98e05bf18200
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45390775d1b14b46a8ff98e05bf182002021-11-18T08:46:58ZEarliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0078092https://doaj.org/article/45390775d1b14b46a8ff98e05bf182002013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24236011/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Projectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrusting spears. Composite projectile technologies are considered indicative of complex behavior and pivotal to the successful spread of Homo sapiens. Direct evidence for such projectiles is thus far unknown from >80,000 years ago. Data from velocity-dependent microfracture features, diagnostic damage patterns, and artifact shape reported here indicate that pointed stone artifacts from Ethiopia were used as projectile weapons (in the form of hafted javelin tips) as early as >279,000 years ago. In combination with the existing archaeological, fossil and genetic evidence, these data isolate eastern Africa as a source of modern cultures and biology.Yonatan SahleW Karl HutchingsDavid R BraunJudith C SealyLeah E MorganAgazi NegashBalemwal AtnafuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e78092 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yonatan Sahle W Karl Hutchings David R Braun Judith C Sealy Leah E Morgan Agazi Negash Balemwal Atnafu Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
description	Projectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrusting spears. Composite projectile technologies are considered indicative of complex behavior and pivotal to the successful spread of Homo sapiens. Direct evidence for such projectiles is thus far unknown from >80,000 years ago. Data from velocity-dependent microfracture features, diagnostic damage patterns, and artifact shape reported here indicate that pointed stone artifacts from Ethiopia were used as projectile weapons (in the form of hafted javelin tips) as early as >279,000 years ago. In combination with the existing archaeological, fossil and genetic evidence, these data isolate eastern Africa as a source of modern cultures and biology.
format	article
author	Yonatan Sahle W Karl Hutchings David R Braun Judith C Sealy Leah E Morgan Agazi Negash Balemwal Atnafu
author_facet	Yonatan Sahle W Karl Hutchings David R Braun Judith C Sealy Leah E Morgan Agazi Negash Balemwal Atnafu
author_sort	Yonatan Sahle
title	Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
title_short	Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
title_full	Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
title_fullStr	Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
title_full_unstemmed	Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
title_sort	earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/45390775d1b14b46a8ff98e05bf18200
work_keys_str_mv	AT yonatansahle earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT wkarlhutchings earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT davidrbraun earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT judithcsealy earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT leahemorgan earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT agazinegash earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago AT balemwalatnafu earlieststonetippedprojectilesfromtheethiopianriftdateto279000yearsago
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Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian rift date to >279,000 years ago.

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