North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia

In addition to being one of the most isolated countries in the world, North Korea has been the target of sanctions and trade restrictions in recent years. This paper examines the trade patterns of North Korea with its 19 major trading partners over the period 1989–2016. Moreover, the paper quantifie...

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Autor principal:	Kiril Tochkov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Trade Border effects Integration North Korea Regional economics. Space in economics HT388
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/453dcf213a42460c8b55846bb6605c30
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:453dcf213a42460c8b55846bb6605c30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:453dcf213a42460c8b55846bb6605c302021-12-03T04:01:22ZNorth Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia2667-111510.1016/j.aglobe.2021.100007https://doaj.org/article/453dcf213a42460c8b55846bb6605c302021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667111521000074https://doaj.org/toc/2667-1115In addition to being one of the most isolated countries in the world, North Korea has been the target of sanctions and trade restrictions in recent years. This paper examines the trade patterns of North Korea with its 19 major trading partners over the period 1989–2016. Moreover, the paper quantifies the trade barriers between North Korea and the rest of the world by estimating border effects in a gravity model framework. The findings indicate that North Korea's trade with developed countries has been declining for almost two decades, while trade with emerging economies has been intensifying. Over the last decade, trade with almost all countries has collapsed with the exception of China. The regression results imply that despite being the second largest trading partner, South Korea faces the highest trade barriers with North Korea, after controlling for distance, contiguity, and economic size. Emerging economies recorded the lowest trade hurdles, while developed countries witnessed a dramatic rise in border effects since the early 2000s. China's trade costs vis-à-vis North Korea are higher than for the rest of the world but remained relatively stable over the past two decades.Kiril TochkovElsevierarticleTradeBorder effectsIntegrationNorth KoreaRegional economics. Space in economicsHT388ENAsia and the Global Economy, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 100007- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Trade Border effects Integration North Korea Regional economics. Space in economics HT388
spellingShingle	Trade Border effects Integration North Korea Regional economics. Space in economics HT388 Kiril Tochkov North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
description	In addition to being one of the most isolated countries in the world, North Korea has been the target of sanctions and trade restrictions in recent years. This paper examines the trade patterns of North Korea with its 19 major trading partners over the period 1989–2016. Moreover, the paper quantifies the trade barriers between North Korea and the rest of the world by estimating border effects in a gravity model framework. The findings indicate that North Korea's trade with developed countries has been declining for almost two decades, while trade with emerging economies has been intensifying. Over the last decade, trade with almost all countries has collapsed with the exception of China. The regression results imply that despite being the second largest trading partner, South Korea faces the highest trade barriers with North Korea, after controlling for distance, contiguity, and economic size. Emerging economies recorded the lowest trade hurdles, while developed countries witnessed a dramatic rise in border effects since the early 2000s. China's trade costs vis-à-vis North Korea are higher than for the rest of the world but remained relatively stable over the past two decades.
format	article
author	Kiril Tochkov
author_facet	Kiril Tochkov
author_sort	Kiril Tochkov
title	North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
title_short	North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
title_full	North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
title_fullStr	North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed	North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia
title_sort	north korea's trade and the integration of northeast asia
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/453dcf213a42460c8b55846bb6605c30
work_keys_str_mv	AT kiriltochkov northkoreastradeandtheintegrationofnortheastasia
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North Korea's trade and the integration of Northeast Asia

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