Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.

Tendons are responsive to mechanical loading and their properties are often the target of intervention programs. The tendon's mechanical properties, particularly stiffness, also govern its function, therefore changes to these properties could have substantial influence on energy-saving mechanis...

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Autores principales:	C M Waugh, A Scott
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45403330fb9249b3b8101b3bd753bc58
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45403330fb9249b3b8101b3bd753bc582021-12-02T20:08:55ZSubstantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255221https://doaj.org/article/45403330fb9249b3b8101b3bd753bc582021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255221https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Tendons are responsive to mechanical loading and their properties are often the target of intervention programs. The tendon's mechanical properties, particularly stiffness, also govern its function, therefore changes to these properties could have substantial influence on energy-saving mechanisms during activities utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle. We investigated Achilles tendon (AT) function in vivo during walking with respect to a training intervention that elicited significant increases in AT stiffness. 14 men and women completed 12-weeks of isometric plantarflexor strength training that increased AT stiffness, measured during isometric MVC, by ~31%. Before and after the intervention, participants walked shod at their preferred velocity on a fully-instrumented treadmill. Movement kinematics, kinetics and displacement of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon junction were captured synchronously using 3D motion capture and ultrasound imaging, respectively. A MANOVA test was used to examine changes in AT force, stress, strain, stiffness, Young's modulus, hysteresis and strain energy, measured during walking, before and following strength training. All were non-significant for a main effect of time, therefore no follow-up statistical tests were conducted. Changes in joint kinematics, tendon strain, velocity, work and power and muscle activity during the stance phase were assessed with 1D statistical parametric mapping, all of which also demonstrated a lack of change in response to the intervention. This in vivo examination of tendon function in walking provides an important foundation for investigating the functional consequences of training adaptations. We found substantial increases in AT stiffness did not impact on tendon function during walking. AT stiffness measured during walking, however, was unchanged with training, which suggests that increases in stiffness may not be evident across the whole force-elongation relation, a finding which may help explain previously mixed intervention results and guide future investigations in the functional implications of tendon adaptation.C M WaughA ScottPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0255221 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q C M Waugh A Scott Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
description	Tendons are responsive to mechanical loading and their properties are often the target of intervention programs. The tendon's mechanical properties, particularly stiffness, also govern its function, therefore changes to these properties could have substantial influence on energy-saving mechanisms during activities utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle. We investigated Achilles tendon (AT) function in vivo during walking with respect to a training intervention that elicited significant increases in AT stiffness. 14 men and women completed 12-weeks of isometric plantarflexor strength training that increased AT stiffness, measured during isometric MVC, by ~31%. Before and after the intervention, participants walked shod at their preferred velocity on a fully-instrumented treadmill. Movement kinematics, kinetics and displacement of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon junction were captured synchronously using 3D motion capture and ultrasound imaging, respectively. A MANOVA test was used to examine changes in AT force, stress, strain, stiffness, Young's modulus, hysteresis and strain energy, measured during walking, before and following strength training. All were non-significant for a main effect of time, therefore no follow-up statistical tests were conducted. Changes in joint kinematics, tendon strain, velocity, work and power and muscle activity during the stance phase were assessed with 1D statistical parametric mapping, all of which also demonstrated a lack of change in response to the intervention. This in vivo examination of tendon function in walking provides an important foundation for investigating the functional consequences of training adaptations. We found substantial increases in AT stiffness did not impact on tendon function during walking. AT stiffness measured during walking, however, was unchanged with training, which suggests that increases in stiffness may not be evident across the whole force-elongation relation, a finding which may help explain previously mixed intervention results and guide future investigations in the functional implications of tendon adaptation.
format	article
author	C M Waugh A Scott
author_facet	C M Waugh A Scott
author_sort	C M Waugh
title	Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
title_short	Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
title_full	Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
title_fullStr	Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
title_full_unstemmed	Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
title_sort	substantial achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/45403330fb9249b3b8101b3bd753bc58
work_keys_str_mv	AT cmwaugh substantialachillesadaptationfollowingstrengthtraininghasnoimpactontendonfunctionduringwalking AT ascott substantialachillesadaptationfollowingstrengthtraininghasnoimpactontendonfunctionduringwalking
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Substantial Achilles adaptation following strength training has no impact on tendon function during walking.

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