Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.

Emotion regulation is an indispensable part of mental health and adaptive behavior. Research into emotion regulation processes has largely focused on the concurrent effects of volitional emotion regulation. However, there is scarce evidence considering post-regulatory effects with regard to neural m...

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Autores principales:	Kersten Diers, Denise Dörfel, Anne Gärtner, Sabine Schönfeld, Henrik Walter, Alexander Strobel, Burkhard Brocke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4557e658bc9c4a55a306cf0db4d57b68
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4557e658bc9c4a55a306cf0db4d57b682021-12-02T20:04:44ZShould we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255800https://doaj.org/article/4557e658bc9c4a55a306cf0db4d57b682021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255800https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Emotion regulation is an indispensable part of mental health and adaptive behavior. Research into emotion regulation processes has largely focused on the concurrent effects of volitional emotion regulation. However, there is scarce evidence considering post-regulatory effects with regard to neural mechanisms and emotional experiences. Therefore, we compared concurrent effects of cognitive emotion regulation with effects at different (immediate, short- and long-term) time intervals. In an fMRI study with N = 46 (N = 30 at re-exposure) young healthy adults, we compared neuronal responses to negative and neutral pictures while participants had to distance themselves from or to actively permit emotions in response to these pictures. We investigated the temporal dynamics of activation changes related to regulation in cognitive control brain networks as well as in the amygdala during stimulation (concurrent effects, timepoint 1) and post-stimulation (immediate, timepoint 2), as well as during re-exposure with the same pictures after short (10 minutes, timepoint 3) and long (1 week, timepoint 4) time intervals. At timepoint 1, negative pictures (versus neutral pictures) elicited a strong response in regions of affective processing, including the amygdala. Distancing (as compared to permit) led to a decrease of this response, and to an increase of activation in the right middle frontal and inferior parietal cortex. We observed an interaction effect of time (stimulation vs. post-stimulation) and regulation (distance vs. permit), indicating a partial reversal of regulation effects during the post-stimulation phase (timepoint 2). Similarly, after 10 minutes (timepoint 3) and after 1 week (timepoint 4), activation in the amygdala was higher during pictures that participants were previously instructed to distance from as compared to permit. These results show that the temporal dynamics are highly variable both within experimental trials and across brain regions. This can even take the form of paradoxical aftereffects at immediate and persistent effects at prolonged time scales.Kersten DiersDenise DörfelAnne GärtnerSabine SchönfeldHenrik WalterAlexander StrobelBurkhard BrockePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0255800 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kersten Diers Denise Dörfel Anne Gärtner Sabine Schönfeld Henrik Walter Alexander Strobel Burkhard Brocke Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
description	Emotion regulation is an indispensable part of mental health and adaptive behavior. Research into emotion regulation processes has largely focused on the concurrent effects of volitional emotion regulation. However, there is scarce evidence considering post-regulatory effects with regard to neural mechanisms and emotional experiences. Therefore, we compared concurrent effects of cognitive emotion regulation with effects at different (immediate, short- and long-term) time intervals. In an fMRI study with N = 46 (N = 30 at re-exposure) young healthy adults, we compared neuronal responses to negative and neutral pictures while participants had to distance themselves from or to actively permit emotions in response to these pictures. We investigated the temporal dynamics of activation changes related to regulation in cognitive control brain networks as well as in the amygdala during stimulation (concurrent effects, timepoint 1) and post-stimulation (immediate, timepoint 2), as well as during re-exposure with the same pictures after short (10 minutes, timepoint 3) and long (1 week, timepoint 4) time intervals. At timepoint 1, negative pictures (versus neutral pictures) elicited a strong response in regions of affective processing, including the amygdala. Distancing (as compared to permit) led to a decrease of this response, and to an increase of activation in the right middle frontal and inferior parietal cortex. We observed an interaction effect of time (stimulation vs. post-stimulation) and regulation (distance vs. permit), indicating a partial reversal of regulation effects during the post-stimulation phase (timepoint 2). Similarly, after 10 minutes (timepoint 3) and after 1 week (timepoint 4), activation in the amygdala was higher during pictures that participants were previously instructed to distance from as compared to permit. These results show that the temporal dynamics are highly variable both within experimental trials and across brain regions. This can even take the form of paradoxical aftereffects at immediate and persistent effects at prolonged time scales.
format	article
author	Kersten Diers Denise Dörfel Anne Gärtner Sabine Schönfeld Henrik Walter Alexander Strobel Burkhard Brocke
author_facet	Kersten Diers Denise Dörfel Anne Gärtner Sabine Schönfeld Henrik Walter Alexander Strobel Burkhard Brocke
author_sort	Kersten Diers
title	Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
title_short	Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
title_full	Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
title_fullStr	Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
title_full_unstemmed	Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
title_sort	should we keep some distance from distancing? regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4557e658bc9c4a55a306cf0db4d57b68
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Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.

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