Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface

Spencer E Thomas,1,2,* Jeffrey Comer,1,* Min Jung Kim,1 Shanna Marroquin,1 Vaibhav Murthy,1 Meghana Ramani,1 Tabetha Gaile Hopke,2 Jayden McCall,1 Seong-O Choi,1 Robert K DeLong1 1Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine,...

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Autores principales:	Thomas SE, Comer J, Kim MJ, Marroquin S, Murthy V, Ramani M, Hopke TG, McCall J, Choi SO, DeLong RK
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	2-dimensional fluorescence difference (2-D FDS) Area under the curve (AUC) Iem corrected light intensity emitted λem emission wavelength λex excitation wavelength λmax wavelength of max intensity RLU relative light units. Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45605689b6e34dae93b432e46e11ad06
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45605689b6e34dae93b432e46e11ad062021-12-02T03:38:33ZComparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/45605689b6e34dae93b432e46e11ad062018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/comparative-functional-dynamics-studies-on-the-enzyme-nano-bio-interfa-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Spencer E Thomas,1,2,* Jeffrey Comer,1,* Min Jung Kim,1 Shanna Marroquin,1 Vaibhav Murthy,1 Meghana Ramani,1 Tabetha Gaile Hopke,2 Jayden McCall,1 Seong-O Choi,1 Robert K DeLong1 1Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) as enzyme inhibitors have recently come to light. Oxides of metals native to the physiological environment (eg, Fe, Zn, Mg, etc.) are of particular interest—especially the functional consequences of their enzyme interaction. Materials and methods: Here, Fe2O3, zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO) and nickel oxide (NiO) NPs are compared to copper (Cu) and boron carbide (B4C) NPs. The functional impact of NP interaction to the model enzyme luciferase is determined by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference spectroscopy (2-D FDS) and 2-dimensional photoluminescence difference spectroscopy (2-D PLDS). By 2-D FDS analysis, the change in maximal intensity and in 2-D FDS area under the curve (AUC) is in the order Cu~B4C>ZnO>NiO>>Fe2O3>MgO. The induced changes in protein conformation are confirmed by tryptic digests and gel electrophoresis. Results: Analysis of possible trypsin cleavage sites suggest that cleavage mostly occurs in the range of residues 112–155 and 372–439, giving a major 45 kDa band. By 2-D PLDS, it is found that B4C NPs completely ablate bioluminescence, while Cu and Fe2O3 NPs yield a unique bimodal negative decay rate, -7.67×103 and -3.50×101 relative light units respectively. Cu NPs, in particular, give a remarkable 271% change in enzyme activity. Molecular dynamics simulations in water predicted that the surfaces of metal oxide NPs become capped with metal hydroxide groups under physiological conditions, while the surface of B4C becomes populated with boronic acid or borinic acid groups. These predictions are supported by the experimentally determined zeta potential. Thin layer chromatography patterns further support this conception of the NP surfaces, where stabilizing interactions were in the order ionic>polar>non-polar for the series tested. Conclusion: Overall the results suggest that B4C and Cu NP functional dynamics on enzyme biochemistry are unique and should be examined further for potential ramifications on other model, physiological or disease-relevant enzymes. Keywords: 2-dimensional fluorescence difference, 2-D FDS, AUC, corrected light intensity emitted, emission wavelength, excitation wavelength, wavelength of max intensity, RLUThomas SEComer JKim MJMarroquin SMurthy VRamani MHopke TGMcCall JChoi SODeLong RKDove Medical Pressarticle2-dimensional fluorescence difference (2-D FDS)Area under the curve (AUC)Iemcorrected light intensity emittedλememission wavelengthλexexcitation wavelengthλmaxwavelength of max intensityRLUrelative light units.Medicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 4523-4536 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	2-dimensional fluorescence difference (2-D FDS) Area under the curve (AUC) Iem corrected light intensity emitted λem emission wavelength λex excitation wavelength λmax wavelength of max intensity RLU relative light units. Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	2-dimensional fluorescence difference (2-D FDS) Area under the curve (AUC) Iem corrected light intensity emitted λem emission wavelength λex excitation wavelength λmax wavelength of max intensity RLU relative light units. Medicine (General) R5-920 Thomas SE Comer J Kim MJ Marroquin S Murthy V Ramani M Hopke TG McCall J Choi SO DeLong RK Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
description	Spencer E Thomas,1,2,* Jeffrey Comer,1,* Min Jung Kim,1 Shanna Marroquin,1 Vaibhav Murthy,1 Meghana Ramani,1 Tabetha Gaile Hopke,2 Jayden McCall,1 Seong-O Choi,1 Robert K DeLong1 1Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) as enzyme inhibitors have recently come to light. Oxides of metals native to the physiological environment (eg, Fe, Zn, Mg, etc.) are of particular interest—especially the functional consequences of their enzyme interaction. Materials and methods: Here, Fe2O3, zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO) and nickel oxide (NiO) NPs are compared to copper (Cu) and boron carbide (B4C) NPs. The functional impact of NP interaction to the model enzyme luciferase is determined by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference spectroscopy (2-D FDS) and 2-dimensional photoluminescence difference spectroscopy (2-D PLDS). By 2-D FDS analysis, the change in maximal intensity and in 2-D FDS area under the curve (AUC) is in the order Cu~B4C>ZnO>NiO>>Fe2O3>MgO. The induced changes in protein conformation are confirmed by tryptic digests and gel electrophoresis. Results: Analysis of possible trypsin cleavage sites suggest that cleavage mostly occurs in the range of residues 112–155 and 372–439, giving a major 45 kDa band. By 2-D PLDS, it is found that B4C NPs completely ablate bioluminescence, while Cu and Fe2O3 NPs yield a unique bimodal negative decay rate, -7.67×103 and -3.50×101 relative light units respectively. Cu NPs, in particular, give a remarkable 271% change in enzyme activity. Molecular dynamics simulations in water predicted that the surfaces of metal oxide NPs become capped with metal hydroxide groups under physiological conditions, while the surface of B4C becomes populated with boronic acid or borinic acid groups. These predictions are supported by the experimentally determined zeta potential. Thin layer chromatography patterns further support this conception of the NP surfaces, where stabilizing interactions were in the order ionic>polar>non-polar for the series tested. Conclusion: Overall the results suggest that B4C and Cu NP functional dynamics on enzyme biochemistry are unique and should be examined further for potential ramifications on other model, physiological or disease-relevant enzymes. Keywords: 2-dimensional fluorescence difference, 2-D FDS, AUC, corrected light intensity emitted, emission wavelength, excitation wavelength, wavelength of max intensity, RLU
format	article
author	Thomas SE Comer J Kim MJ Marroquin S Murthy V Ramani M Hopke TG McCall J Choi SO DeLong RK
author_facet	Thomas SE Comer J Kim MJ Marroquin S Murthy V Ramani M Hopke TG McCall J Choi SO DeLong RK
author_sort	Thomas SE
title	Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
title_short	Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
title_full	Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
title_fullStr	Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
title_sort	comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/45605689b6e34dae93b432e46e11ad06
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasse comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT comerj comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT kimmj comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT marroquins comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT murthyv comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT ramanim comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT hopketg comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT mccallj comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT choiso comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface AT delongrk comparativefunctionaldynamicsstudiesontheenzymenanobiointerface
_version_	1718401659698151424

Comparative functional dynamics studies on the enzyme nano-bio interface

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