Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.

Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes (Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense against viral infections in humans. This granule-exocytosis pathway subsumes a well-established mechanism in which targ...

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Autores principales:	Lisanne C de Jong, Sandra Crnko, Toine Ten Broeke, Niels Bovenschen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/457ae3a589ce4f15a2f5f66d5c90e0e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:457ae3a589ce4f15a2f5f66d5c90e0e52021-12-02T20:00:09ZNoncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1009818https://doaj.org/article/457ae3a589ce4f15a2f5f66d5c90e0e52021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009818https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes (Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense against viral infections in humans. This granule-exocytosis pathway subsumes a well-established mechanism in which target cell death is induced upon perforin-mediated entry of Gzms and subsequent activation of various (apoptosis) pathways. In the past decade, however, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that Gzms also inhibit viral replication and potential reactivation in cell death-independent manners. For example, Gzms can induce proteolysis of viral or host cell proteins necessary for the viral entry, release, or intracellular trafficking, as well as augment pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokine response. In this review, we summarize current evidence for the noncytotoxic mechanisms and roles by which killer cells can use Gzms to combat viral infections, and we discuss the potential thereof for the development of novel therapies.Lisanne C de JongSandra CrnkoToine Ten BroekeNiels BovenschenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e1009818 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Lisanne C de Jong Sandra Crnko Toine Ten Broeke Niels Bovenschen Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
description	Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes (Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense against viral infections in humans. This granule-exocytosis pathway subsumes a well-established mechanism in which target cell death is induced upon perforin-mediated entry of Gzms and subsequent activation of various (apoptosis) pathways. In the past decade, however, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that Gzms also inhibit viral replication and potential reactivation in cell death-independent manners. For example, Gzms can induce proteolysis of viral or host cell proteins necessary for the viral entry, release, or intracellular trafficking, as well as augment pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokine response. In this review, we summarize current evidence for the noncytotoxic mechanisms and roles by which killer cells can use Gzms to combat viral infections, and we discuss the potential thereof for the development of novel therapies.
format	article
author	Lisanne C de Jong Sandra Crnko Toine Ten Broeke Niels Bovenschen
author_facet	Lisanne C de Jong Sandra Crnko Toine Ten Broeke Niels Bovenschen
author_sort	Lisanne C de Jong
title	Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
title_short	Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
title_full	Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
title_fullStr	Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
title_full_unstemmed	Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
title_sort	noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/457ae3a589ce4f15a2f5f66d5c90e0e5
work_keys_str_mv	AT lisannecdejong noncytotoxicfunctionsofkillercellgranzymesinviralinfections AT sandracrnko noncytotoxicfunctionsofkillercellgranzymesinviralinfections AT toinetenbroeke noncytotoxicfunctionsofkillercellgranzymesinviralinfections AT nielsbovenschen noncytotoxicfunctionsofkillercellgranzymesinviralinfections
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Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.

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