Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa

Mosquitoes in the Aedes and Culex genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific one...

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Autores principales:	Milehna M. Guarido, Kamini Govender, Megan A. Riddin, Maarten Schrama, Erin E. Gorsich, Basil D. Brooke, Antonio Paulo Gouveia Almeida, Marietjie Venter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	flavivirus insect-specific cell-fusing agent virus mosquitoes <i>Aedes</i> <i>Anopheles</i> Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/45804d27c83c47f98e699e8f95842e08
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:45804d27c83c47f98e699e8f95842e082021-11-25T19:12:46ZDetection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa10.3390/v131121481999-4915https://doaj.org/article/45804d27c83c47f98e699e8f95842e082021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2148https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Mosquitoes in the <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific ones. It is hypothesized that insect-specific flaviviruses, which naturally infect these mosquitoes, may influence their vector competence for zoonotic arboviruses. Here, entomological surveillance was performed between January 2014 and May 2018 in five different provinces in the northeastern parts of South Africa, with the aim of identifying circulating flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were sampled using different carbon dioxide trap types. Overall, 64,603 adult mosquitoes were collected, which were screened by RT-PCR and sequencing. In total, 17 pools were found positive for insect-specific <i>Flaviviruses</i> in the mosquito genera <i>Aedes</i> (12/17, 70.59%) and <i>Anopheles</i> (5/17, 29.41%). No insect-specific viruses were detected in <i>Culex</i> species. Cell-fusing agent viruses were detected in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes caballus</i>. A range of anopheline mosquitoes, including <i>Anopheles coustani</i>, <i>An. squamosus</i> and <i>An. maculipalpis</i>, were positive for <i>Culex</i> flavivirus-like and <i>Anopheles</i> flaviviruses. These results confirm the presence of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquito populations in South Africa, expands their geographical range and indicates potential mosquito species as vector species.Milehna M. GuaridoKamini GovenderMegan A. RiddinMaarten SchramaErin E. GorsichBasil D. BrookeAntonio Paulo Gouveia AlmeidaMarietjie VenterMDPI AGarticleflavivirusinsect-specificcell-fusing agent virusmosquitoes<i>Aedes</i><i>Anopheles</i>MicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2148, p 2148 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	flavivirus insect-specific cell-fusing agent virus mosquitoes <i>Aedes</i> <i>Anopheles</i> Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	flavivirus insect-specific cell-fusing agent virus mosquitoes <i>Aedes</i> <i>Anopheles</i> Microbiology QR1-502 Milehna M. Guarido Kamini Govender Megan A. Riddin Maarten Schrama Erin E. Gorsich Basil D. Brooke Antonio Paulo Gouveia Almeida Marietjie Venter Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
description	Mosquitoes in the <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific ones. It is hypothesized that insect-specific flaviviruses, which naturally infect these mosquitoes, may influence their vector competence for zoonotic arboviruses. Here, entomological surveillance was performed between January 2014 and May 2018 in five different provinces in the northeastern parts of South Africa, with the aim of identifying circulating flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were sampled using different carbon dioxide trap types. Overall, 64,603 adult mosquitoes were collected, which were screened by RT-PCR and sequencing. In total, 17 pools were found positive for insect-specific <i>Flaviviruses</i> in the mosquito genera <i>Aedes</i> (12/17, 70.59%) and <i>Anopheles</i> (5/17, 29.41%). No insect-specific viruses were detected in <i>Culex</i> species. Cell-fusing agent viruses were detected in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes caballus</i>. A range of anopheline mosquitoes, including <i>Anopheles coustani</i>, <i>An. squamosus</i> and <i>An. maculipalpis</i>, were positive for <i>Culex</i> flavivirus-like and <i>Anopheles</i> flaviviruses. These results confirm the presence of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquito populations in South Africa, expands their geographical range and indicates potential mosquito species as vector species.
format	article
author	Milehna M. Guarido Kamini Govender Megan A. Riddin Maarten Schrama Erin E. Gorsich Basil D. Brooke Antonio Paulo Gouveia Almeida Marietjie Venter
author_facet	Milehna M. Guarido Kamini Govender Megan A. Riddin Maarten Schrama Erin E. Gorsich Basil D. Brooke Antonio Paulo Gouveia Almeida Marietjie Venter
author_sort	Milehna M. Guarido
title	Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_short	Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_full	Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_fullStr	Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_sort	detection of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: <i>culicidae</i>) in northeastern regions of south africa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/45804d27c83c47f98e699e8f95842e08
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Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: <i>Culicidae</i>) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa

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