Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells.
The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that promote cell-cycle progression are targets for negative regulation by signals from damaged or unreplicated DNA, but also play active roles in response to DNA lesions. The requirement for activity in the face of DNA damage implies that there are mechanisms to...
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2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:4583e76d2d83486286803948df0db12a2021-11-18T06:18:11ZChemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells.1553-73901553-740410.1371/journal.pgen.1002935https://doaj.org/article/4583e76d2d83486286803948df0db12a2012-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22927831/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7390https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7404The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that promote cell-cycle progression are targets for negative regulation by signals from damaged or unreplicated DNA, but also play active roles in response to DNA lesions. The requirement for activity in the face of DNA damage implies that there are mechanisms to insulate certain CDKs from checkpoint inhibition. It remains difficult, however, to assign precise functions to specific CDKs in protecting genomic integrity. In mammals, Cdk2 is active throughout S and G2 phases, but Cdk2 protein is dispensable for survival, owing to compensation by other CDKs. That plasticity obscured a requirement for Cdk2 activity in proliferation of human cells, which we uncovered by replacement of wild-type Cdk2 with a mutant version sensitized to inhibition by bulky adenine analogs. Here we show that transient, selective inhibition of analog-sensitive (AS) Cdk2 after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) enhances cell-killing. In extracts supplemented with an ATP analog used preferentially by AS kinases, Cdk2(as) phosphorylated the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome gene product Nbs1-a component of the conserved Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex required for normal DNA damage repair and checkpoint signaling-dependent on a consensus CDK recognition site at Ser432. In vivo, selective inhibition of Cdk2 delayed and diminished Nbs1-Ser432 phosphorylation during S phase, and mutation of Ser432 to Ala or Asp increased IR-sensitivity. Therefore, by chemical genetics, we uncovered both a non-redundant requirement for Cdk2 activity in response to DNA damage and a specific target of Cdk2 within the DNA repair machinery.Lara WohlboldKarl A MerrickSaurav DeRamon AmatJun Hyun KimStéphane LarochelleJasmina J AllenChao ZhangKevan M ShokatJohn H J PetriniRobert P FisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleGeneticsQH426-470ENPLoS Genetics, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e1002935 (2012) |
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DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
Genetics QH426-470 |
| spellingShingle |
Genetics QH426-470 Lara Wohlbold Karl A Merrick Saurav De Ramon Amat Jun Hyun Kim Stéphane Larochelle Jasmina J Allen Chao Zhang Kevan M Shokat John H J Petrini Robert P Fisher Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| description |
The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that promote cell-cycle progression are targets for negative regulation by signals from damaged or unreplicated DNA, but also play active roles in response to DNA lesions. The requirement for activity in the face of DNA damage implies that there are mechanisms to insulate certain CDKs from checkpoint inhibition. It remains difficult, however, to assign precise functions to specific CDKs in protecting genomic integrity. In mammals, Cdk2 is active throughout S and G2 phases, but Cdk2 protein is dispensable for survival, owing to compensation by other CDKs. That plasticity obscured a requirement for Cdk2 activity in proliferation of human cells, which we uncovered by replacement of wild-type Cdk2 with a mutant version sensitized to inhibition by bulky adenine analogs. Here we show that transient, selective inhibition of analog-sensitive (AS) Cdk2 after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) enhances cell-killing. In extracts supplemented with an ATP analog used preferentially by AS kinases, Cdk2(as) phosphorylated the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome gene product Nbs1-a component of the conserved Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex required for normal DNA damage repair and checkpoint signaling-dependent on a consensus CDK recognition site at Ser432. In vivo, selective inhibition of Cdk2 delayed and diminished Nbs1-Ser432 phosphorylation during S phase, and mutation of Ser432 to Ala or Asp increased IR-sensitivity. Therefore, by chemical genetics, we uncovered both a non-redundant requirement for Cdk2 activity in response to DNA damage and a specific target of Cdk2 within the DNA repair machinery. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Lara Wohlbold Karl A Merrick Saurav De Ramon Amat Jun Hyun Kim Stéphane Larochelle Jasmina J Allen Chao Zhang Kevan M Shokat John H J Petrini Robert P Fisher |
| author_facet |
Lara Wohlbold Karl A Merrick Saurav De Ramon Amat Jun Hyun Kim Stéphane Larochelle Jasmina J Allen Chao Zhang Kevan M Shokat John H J Petrini Robert P Fisher |
| author_sort |
Lara Wohlbold |
| title |
Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| title_short |
Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| title_full |
Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| title_fullStr |
Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for Cdk2 activity in the DNA damage response and identifies Nbs1 as a Cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| title_sort |
chemical genetics reveals a specific requirement for cdk2 activity in the dna damage response and identifies nbs1 as a cdk2 substrate in human cells. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/4583e76d2d83486286803948df0db12a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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